28BYJ-48 stepper motor: yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi

El I-28BYJ-48 yinjini ye-unipolar stepper ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, ilungele iiprojekthi zombane, kubashicileli be-3D, oomatshini be-CNC, kunye neerobhothi. Ubungakanani bayo obubambeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula kwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwii-hobbyists zombane kunye neengcali.

Ngaphaya koko, kunye nale njini, a imodyuli ene-ULN2003, kulawulo lwakho. Ngaloo ndlela, sinayo yonke into efunekayo ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ngokupheleleyo, usebenzisa i-microcontroller okanye ibhodi Arduino okanye efanayo.

Yintoni i-28BYJ-48 stepper motor?

Un I-stepper motor luhlobo lwemoto yombane ehamba ngamanyathelo amancinci adingekileyo angama-angular, kunokujikeleza okuzingileyo. Isebenza ngokusebenzisa isethi yee-electromagnets ezivulwe ngokulandelelana okuthile. Ngokuvula i-electromagnets eyahlukeneyo, umhlaba wemagnethi wenziwa otsala i-rotor yemoto, ibangela ukuba ijikeleze inyathelo elinye ngexesha. Inani lamanyathelo kwi-revolution kunye nokuchaneka kokuhamba kuxhomekeke kuyilo oluthile lweemoto kunye nolandelelwano lolawulo olusetyenzisiweyo.

Ngaphakathi kweenjini ze-stepper sineentlobo ezimbini:

• Unipolar- Zineseti enye yeekhoyili kwaye zifuna umlawuli okhethekileyo ukubuyisela umva okwangoku kwaye wenze i-motor ijikeleze kuzo zombini iindlela.
• I-bipolar- Zineesethi ezimbini zeekhoyili ezizimeleyo, ezivumela ukuba zijikeleze kuzo zombini iindlela ngaphandle kwesidingo somlawuli okhethekileyo.

Kwimeko ye-28BYJ-28 luhlobo lwe-unipolar, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili. Kwaye, ngaphakathi kweli qela, libonakaliswa ngokuba nokulandelayo iinkcukacha:

• Unipolar stepper: ulawulo olulula ngeentambo ezi-4 kuphela.
• Isinciphisi esidibeneyo: inikeza ukuchaneka okuphezulu (0.088 ° ngesinyathelo) kunye ne-torque (3 N · cm).
• Ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi: 83 mA (5V imodeli) okanye 32 mA (12V imodeli).
• Ukutya: 5V okanye 12V (kuxhomekeke kwimodeli).
• Ixabiso lezoqoqosho: ukusuka kwi-€ 1.2 ngeyunithi nganye, okanye encinci ngakumbi ukuba iquka imodyuli ye-ULN2003.

Reland Sun 28BYJ-48...

3,57 €

Jonga umnikelo

HiLetgo 5pcs ULN2003...

13,99 €

Jonga umnikelo

ELEGOO 5 Iiseti 28BYJ-48...

14,39 €

Jonga umnikelo

Ngokuphathelele izicelo ezinokwenzeka, sele ndikhankanyile ezinye zazo ngaphambili, kodwa apha ndikunika kwakhona iingcebiso zeeprojekthi zakho:

• Ukulawulwa kwee-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic valves.
• Iirobhothi ezichaziweyo kunye neengalo zerobhothi.
• Indawo yoluvo.
• Ukujikeleza iitafile zeskena.
• 3d abashicileli.
• oomatshini be-CNC.

I-motor stepper ayisebenzi yodwa, ifuna enye into. Kule meko, I-28BYJ-48 ilawulwa yibhodi ene-ULN2003 edibeneyo, evumela ukuba okwangoku kweemveliso ze-Arduino zandiswe ukunika amandla iikhoyili zeemoto. Ngokuvula iikhoyili ngokulandelelana okuchanekileyo, i-motor ijikeleza inyathelo ngenyathelo ngokuchaneka okukhulu.

Iindidi zolawulo lokulandelelana kunye nezigaba

Kukho ulandelelwano oluhlukeneyo lolawulo lwe-28BYJ-48, ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ulandelelwano lwamaza ngokupheleleyo: yenza zonke iikhoyili zisebenze ngexesha elinye.
• Isiqingatha sokulandelelana kwenyathelo: Yenza iikhoyili ezimbini ezijongeneyo zisebenze ngexesha elinye.
• Ulandelelwano lwenyathelo leMicroscopic: Ivula ikhoyili enye ngexesha.

Masibone izigaba ngokweenkcukacha:

• Ulandelelwano 1-isigaba: Kulandelelwano lwesigaba esi-1 sivula ikhoyili enye ngexesha. Ukusa olu landelelwano lokulayita kwitheyibhile, oku kulandelayo kuya kufuneka kuveliswe kwipinout ye-injini:

• Ulandelelwano lwesigaba esi-2: sivula iikhoyili ezimbini ezihambelanayo kwisigaba ngasinye, ngoko ke i-magnetic field eyenziwe inkulu (41% ngaphezulu) ngoko i-motor ine-torque eninzi, oko kukuthi, sifumana amandla amaninzi. Njengenqaku elibi, siphinda kabini ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngokubhekiselele kwitafile, iya kuba:

• Ukulandelelana kwesiqingatha: Le sesinye sezigaba esiza kuzibona, ungafumana eyona nto unomdla kuyo. Apha sitshintshela kwikhoyili enye kunye neembini, sifezekisa ukuchaneka kwesiqingatha sesinyathelo. Isetyenziswe kwizicelo apho ukuchaneka okuphezulu kuyadingeka, nangona kunokubakho iingxaki xa isicelo sikumda we-torque. Ukuvakalisa ulandelelwano kwifom yetheyibhile kubangela ukuba:

28BYJ-28 kunye neArduino

Into yokuqala kukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo i imodyuli kunye nemoto 28byj-48 kwibhodi yethu yeArduino, ukwenza oku, kufuneka wenze olu nxibelelwano lulandelayo:

• Iphini - ukusuka kwi-ULN2003 ukuya kwi-GND ye-Arduino.
• I-Pin + ye-ULN2003 ukuya kwi-Vcc (5v okanye kwezinye iimeko, ukuba yinjini ye-12v, umbane onawo loo mbane uya kufuneka usetyenziswe) ukusuka kwi-Arduino.
• IN1, IN2, IN3 kunye ne-IN4 ye-ULN2003 ukuya kumagalelo edijithali i-D8, i-D9, i-D10 kunye ne-D11 ye-Arduino.
• Injini ye-28byj-48, yidibanise ngokulula kwizibuko kwimodyuli ye-ULN2003.

Ngoku ukuba uqhagamshelwe, into elandelayo kukusebenzisa umzekelo kwi-Arduino IDE, onokuyisebenzisa njengokuzama okanye ukuyiguqula ngendlela othanda ngayo. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iitafile zesigaba zichazwe, njenge // phambi komgca, uyazi ... Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa enye yazo, cima nje // phambi kwemiyalelo.

//Definir los pines
const int motorPin1 = 8;    // 28BYJ48 In1
const int motorPin2 = 9;    // 28BYJ48 In2
const int motorPin3 = 10;   // 28BYJ48 In3
const int motorPin4 = 11;   // 28BYJ48 In4
                   
//Definición de variables
int motorSpeed = 1200;   //Velocidad del motor
int stepCounter = 0;     //Contador de pasos
int stepsPerRev = 4076;  //Pasos para un giro completo

//Tablas de secuencia (descomentar la que necesites)
//Secuencia 1-fase
//const int numSteps = 4;
//const int stepsLookup[4] = { B1000, B0100, B0010, B0001 };

//Secuencia 2-fases
//const int numSteps = 4;
//const int stepsLookup[4] = { B1100, B0110, B0011, B1001 };

//Secuencia media fase
//const int numSteps = 8;
//const int stepsLookup[8] = { B1000, B1100, B0100, B0110, B0010, B0011, B0001, B1001 };

void setup()
{
  //Declarar los pines usados como salida
  pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorPin4, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
  for (int i = 0; i < stepsPerRev * 2; i++)
  {
    clockwise();
    delayMicroseconds(motorSpeed);
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < stepsPerRev * 2; i++)
  {
    anticlockwise();
    delayMicroseconds(motorSpeed);
  }
  delay(1000);
}

void clockwise()
{
  stepCounter++;
  if (stepCounter >= numSteps) stepCounter = 0;
  setOutput(stepCounter);
}

void anticlockwise()
{
  stepCounter--;
  if (stepCounter < 0) stepCounter = numSteps - 1;
  setOutput(stepCounter);
}

void setOutput(int step)
{
  digitalWrite(motorPin1, bitRead(stepsLookup[step], 0));
  digitalWrite(motorPin2, bitRead(stepsLookup[step], 1));
  digitalWrite(motorPin3, bitRead(stepsLookup[step], 2));
  digitalWrite(motorPin4, bitRead(stepsLookup[step], 3));
}