El I-LM7805 sisilawuli sevolthikodwa ukuba ungabhidaniswa nokwahlulahlula amandla ombane esele sithethe ngayo kwelinye lamanqaku ethu angaphambili. Ukongeza, ayisiyiyo nayiphi na i-voltage regulator, kodwa yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabenzi nakwiiprojekthi ze-DIY zazo zonke iintlobo. Umsebenzi wayo, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, kukulawula umqondiso wombane wesekethe apho idityaniswe khona.
Icandelo elingasoloko lixabiswa kakuhle kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, linikezelwa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi. Kodwa kunjalo Kubalulekile ukuba ufuna isiginali yombane ozinzileyo. Kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-LM7805 xa kusenziwa isekethe yamandla kwiisekethe zethu. Umzekelo, ukwenza unikezelo lwamandla okuzenzela eneempawu ezithile, enye yezi zinto zilawulayo akufuneki ilahleke.
Yintoni umlawuli wevolthi?
Un ombane okanye ombane ombane njenge-LM7805 sisixhobo esikwaziyo ukuguqula umqondiso wombane ifumana igalelo layo kwaye ihambise isiginali yamandla ombane kwimveliso yayo. Kwiziphumo, i-voltage ihlala iphantsi kwaye ineempawu ezithile ezifunekayo ukunqanda umngcipheko okanye isekethe apho ifakwa khona ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba inovakalelo kukwahluka kwamandla ombane.
Ukwenza oku kwenzeke, umlawuli wevolthi unayo isekethe yangaphakathi ngothotho lwee-resistors kunye ne-transistors i-bipolar edityaniswe ngendlela evumela ukuba ilungelelanise umqondiso wevolthi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ungayibona isekethe yangaphakathi edityanisiweyo kwiphakheji yale sixhobo kumfanekiso ongentla.
Kwimarike baninzi abalawuli bevolthi ezahlukeneyoEwe, uninzi lwazo lubiza kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-LM7805 uyakufumana i-7809, 7806, 7812, njl., Kusapho lwe-78xx. Nangona kweli nqaku siza kugxila kwi-7805, yenye yezona zidumileyo.
La Umahluko phakathi kolawulo lwevolthi kunye nokwahlulahlula Ukucaca kucacile. Isahluli sahlulahlulahlula i-voltage yombane kwii-voltages ezininzi ezantsi kunesiphumo sayo, kodwa asilungisi isiginali yevolthi. Kwelinye icala, kwisilawuli sevolthi, umbane ofanayo ufumaneka kwimveliso, kodwa ngesiginali echanekileyo ngakumbi kunaleyo ifunyenwe kwigalelo layo.
Izicelo zolawulo lwevolthi
Njengoko unokucinga, i-IC efana ne-LM7805 inokusetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, unikezelo lwamandla bahlala bedibanisa enye yeengqungquthela ezingama-78xx. Ngapha koko, umbane, njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku elidlulileyo, lenziwe ngamanqanaba aliqela:
- Inguqu: Kuyenzeka ukuba uguqule i-voltage ye-220v iye kwi-12, 6, 5, 3, 3.3 efanelekileyo okanye naliphi na ixabiso.
- Ukulungiswa kwebhulorho: emva koko eso siginali siya kuba namandla ombane afanelekileyo, kodwa iya kuqhubeka ukuba sisibonakaliso esisesinye, emva kokudlula kule bhulorho umqondiso ongalunganga uthintelwe.
- Abaphathi: ngoku umqondiso unesimo semiduli, oko kukuthi, kwezinye iimpembelelo zombane ezithi xa udlula kwi-capacitor zityibilike, phantse ibe ngumgca othe tye.
- Umlawuli woxinzelelo: okokugqibela, umlawuli uya kuwucokisa loo mqondiso ukuze awenze ube tyaba kwaye uzinze ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, uwenze ube ngumqondiso wangoku ngqo.
Okunye umzekelo wesicelo Isilawuli sevolthi iya kuba kukutya iisekethe ezithile ezihlanganisiweyo ezingenakondliwa ngophawu olugqithisa kwinani elithile. Umzekelo, cinga inzwa okanye i-chip engakwaziyo ukudlula i-3.3v yamandla. Ewe, kule meko, umlawuli unokusetyenziselwa ukunqanda umngcipheko wokugqitha komqobo. Onke amandla agqithisileyo achithwa njengobushushu yi-78xx.
7805: i-pinout kunye ne-datasheet
Kukho abavelisi abahlukeneyo be-LM7805, ezinje nge-STMicroelectronics, TI, Sparkfun, njl. Ukongeza, unokuyifumana zombini kwiphakheji yayo yendabuko nakwimodyuli yokwenza ukuba kubelula ukudibanisa kwiiprojekthi zakho kunye neArduino. Kuxhomekeke kwimodeli oyithengileyo, ndikucebisa ukuba ungene kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi ukujonga iimpawu ezikwi- iinkcukacha ezithile yemodeli. Khumbula ukuba nangona zonke zifana, kusenokubakho utshintsho oluthile ukusuka komnye umenzi ukuya komnye.
Ukuba uyithenga kwiphakheji ye-TO-220, uya kuyifumana isikhonkwane esineepini ezi-3. Zibaliwe kwaye enye iyahambelana negalelo lombane ofuna ukulilinganisa, ezona zimbini zisezantsi yi-GND okanye umhlaba (oqhelekileyo), isikhonkwane sesithathu sesokukhutshwa kombane osele ulawulwe, oko kukuthi, umqondiso ozinzileyo Siza kusebenzisa njengonikezelo lweesekethe ezibuthathaka esifuna ukuzenza. Kodwa kuya kufuneka wongeze ezinye izinto ezingaphezulu ezinje ngee-capacitors njengoko kucetyisiwe ngumvelisi ukuze imveliso yanele.
Kwimeko yemodyuli, ibiza kancinci, kodwa inokwenza izinto zibe lula kuwe. Ibandakanya isixhobo esingu-7805 kunye nezinye izinto ozenzayo baya kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kunye neArduino. Awudingi ii-capacitors ezongezelelweyo okanye enye into. Ukongeza, kubandakanya i-heatsink ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo ngokususa ubushushu obuveliswe yi-78xx kunye namakhadi amabini oxhulumaniso yegalelo kunye nemveliso (i-Vcc kunye ne-GND kwisiphelo ngasinye), ukuququzelela ukuphunyezwa kwayo.
Eminye imodeli
Las Umahluko phakathi kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kuthotho lwama-78xx zabalawuli bevolthi kulula. Inani elihamba nolu sapho libonisa amandla ombane aphezulu axhaswe ngumlawuli ngamnye. Umzekelo:
- LM7805: 5v kunye 1A okanye 1,5A kwezinye iimeko.
- I-LM7806: 6v
- I-LM7809: 9v
- I-LM7812: 12v
Ukuthenga phi
Ukuba ufuna ukuyithenga, unayo kwiAmazon, Ukongeza kwezinye iivenkile ezikhethekileyo zombane. Izinto ezimbini onokuzithenga zezi:
- Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo Kwiphakheji ye-TO-220 ye- € 4 ungathenga ezili-10 kwezi zixhobo.
- LM7805 kwimodyuli engaphantsi kwe- € 6 kwiyunithi nganye.
Njengoko ubona, kunjalo izixhobo ezintle...
Umdibaniso neArduino
Ukuba ucinga ngako ukudibanisa neprojekthi kunye neArduino okanye iRaspberry Pi okanye olunye uhlobo lwebhodi, Akukho ngxaki. Awuyi kusebenzisa iilayibrari ezithile njengeminye iimodyuli, kwaye awunakufuneka ungeze ikhowudi eyongezelelweyo kwi-IDE yakho ye-Arduino, kuba le 78xx iqulethwe yedwa kwaye izinikezele ekuguquleni umqondiso wokufaka umbane. Kuya kufuneka unolwazi olufunekayo lwe-elektroniki ukuyibeka kwindawo efanelekileyo kwisekethe yakho ...
Molweni nonke. Ndakha isiphaluka esixhaswa yiphaneli encinane yelanga (12 V, 10 W). Iphaneli yelanga iqhagamshelwe kwibhetri kunye nesekethe yokukhanya ye-LED eyahlukileyo elawulwa yi Arduino Uno. Ekubeni andifuni ukuba ibhetri ihlawulwe ngokuqhubekayo (ukuba nje kukho ukukhanya kwelanga) ndifuna ukudibanisa ibhetri echazwe kwigalelo le-analog ye-Arduino, ukunciphisa igalelo kwi-5 V. kunye ne-LM7805. Injongo yeli galelo kukuvula okanye ukucima i-relay eya kuba noxanduva lokuvala i-solar panel-battery circuit ngokuhambelana nombane onalo ngegalelo le-analog, oko kukuthi, xa ibhetri idlula ngaphaya kombane omncinci, i-relay yi. ukuze iqalise ukutshaja kwakhona isebenzisa indawo yolawulo yelanga. Kodwa umbuzo wam ngowokuba ukuthoba i-voltage yebhetri eqhagamshelwe kwi-LM7805 ikwathoba imveliso (yiloo nto endiyifunayo, ukuze yehle nayo). Ndine-LM2596 Step Down kodwa ngokucacileyo ayisebenzi kum kuba iya kuhlala inika i-5 V kwimveliso. Ngaba ndingayifumana nge-LM7805? Enkosi kakhulu nonke kwangaphambili.