LinuxCNC: isoftware yokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso enoomatshini beCNC

Ukuba uneworkshop yomatshini okanye ungumntu othanda olu hlobo lokwenziwa kwenxalenye, kuya kufuneka uyazi isoftware ekhethekileyo onokuyisebenzisa kwikhompyuter yakho, zombini ngokufaka iprojekthi okanye uyisebenzise kwimowudi ephilayo. Ibizwa linux cnc kwaye iza nayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza CNC Machining ngendlela ekhululekile kunye neyobugcisa.

Apha siza kukufundisa yonke into malunga nokuba yintoni i-LinuxCNC, indlela yokuyifaka, kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa ukuqalisa ukwenza iiprojekthi zakho usebenzisa olu hlobo oomatshini CNC.

Yintoni imishini ye-CNC?

El CNC Machining (Ulawulo lweenombolo zeKhompyutha) yinkqubo yokuvelisa i-subtractive esebenzisa izixhobo zomatshini ezilawulwa ngekhomputha ukususa izinto ezingenanto kwaye zinike imilo echanekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo. Ngokwenene, kufana nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo, apho umatshini ulandela imiyalelo ecacileyo yokwenza izinto ezintsonkothileyo kwiibhloko zezinto eziphathekayo.

Olu hlobo lokuvelisa lunoluhlu olubanzi lwe izicelo kumacandelo ngamashishini ahlukeneyo, ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo, ukuguquguquka kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa iindawo ezinzima, i-automate inkqubo kwaye iphinda amaxesha amaninzi njengoko kufuneka ukudala iindawo ezifanayo. Ezinye zezicelo zayo eziphambili zezi:

• Ukwenziwa komzekelo- Ikuvumela ukuba udale ngokukhawuleza iiprototypes ezisebenzayo zokuvavanya kunye nokuqinisekiswa koyilo, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwemveliso.
• imveliso yothotho-Kufanelekile ukuvelisa inani elikhulu lamalungu afanayo ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuphindaphinda, okwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yezinto zemoto, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, i-elektroniki, njl. Umzekelo, iinati, iibholiti, iigiya, nokunye.
• Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo kunye nokubumba- Isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokusika, ukubumba inaliti yeplastiki, kunye ne-stamping dies, eziyimfuneko kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa.
• Ulwenziwo Product-Ikuvumela ukuba wenze iziqwenga ezikhethekileyo kunye nezomntu, ezifana nobucwebe, ukufakelwa kwezonyango, okanye izinto zezixhobo zemidlalo. Kufuneka nje utshintshe iiparitha ezimbalwa kwaye unokwenza imizobo emitsha ngamaplanga, isinyithi, iplastiki kunye nezinye izinto eziboleka kolu hlobo lomatshini.
• Ukwenziwa kweendawo ezichaneke kakhulu: Ngombulelo kulawulo lwamanani, umatshini we-CNC unokuvelisa iinxalenye ezinonyamezelo oluqinileyo, oluyimfuneko kumashishini afana ne-aerospace kunye nezonyango.

Yintoni i-LinuxCNC?

I-LinuxCNC yinkqubo yesoftware eguqula nayiphi na ikhompyuter (nokuba yiRaspberry Pi) ibe ngumlawuli onamandla weCNC.. Ngamanye amagama, ijika ikhompyuter yakho ibe yingqondo yesixhobo somatshini, njengomatshini wokungqusha, i-lathe, okanye irobhothi yokuvelisa, ikuvumela ukuba wenze iinxalenye ngokuchanekileyo okumangalisayo ukusuka kwiibhloko zemathiriyeli.

Kwakhona, Yinkqubo yemithombo yasimahla nevulekileyo, simahla ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufikelela kwikhowudi yomthombo, evumela ukuba iguqulwe kwaye iguqulelwe kwiimfuno ezithile. Ukuba uyisebenzisa njenge-hobbyist, uya kukuphepha ukuhlawula iilayisensi, kwaye ukuba uyisebenzisela ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha, uya konga kwakhona ngokungatyalomali kwezinye iinkqubo ezibizayo kunye nezinempahla.

Ikwaguquguquka kakhulu, iqhelana noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye noomatshini. Ngaba Yisebenzise ukusuka koomatshini abancinci bokuzonwabisa ukuya kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zamashishini. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze ulungelelwaniso lwesiko lomatshini ngamnye. Kwaye ukuba yonke into ayibonakali ngokwaneleyo kuwe, inoluntu olukhulu lwabasebenzisi kunye nabaphuhlisi ababonelela ngenkxaso kunye nezixhobo.

Ke ngoko, le nkqubo yeLinuxCNC yenzelwe abantu abathanda ukuzonwabisa abafuna ukuqalisa ukwenza ngoomatshini babo abancinci be-CNC, ukusuka kubashicileli be-3D ukuya kwikroli okanye abasiki belaser, kubandakanya nezinye ezininzi ezinje ngeelathe ezincinci, oomatshini bokusila, njl. Isenokuba yiprojekthi elungileyo yemfundo, ukuqalisa ukufundisa abafundi olu hlobo lomatshini kunye nolawulo lwamanani. Ewe, kumashishini amancinci, iindibano zocweyo, abaphandi, njl. Bonke baya kufumana iqonga elithembekileyo, eliguquguqukayo, kunye nomgangatho.

Uyifaka njani iLinuxCNC inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukuqala ukuvavanya i-LinuxCNC, kulula njengokulandela ezi amanyathelo okhuphelo kunye nofakelo:

1. Into yokuqala kukukhuphela umfanekiso we-LinuxCNC ISO. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufike nje iwebhusayithi esemthethweni kwaye uya kubona uluhlu lweenguqulelo zemifanekiso onokuyikhuphela. Uyabona ukuba kukho umfanekiso oza kuwufaka kwiPC kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo.
2. Nje ukuba i-ISO ikhethwe kwaye ikhutshelwe, into elandelayo utshise umfanekiso kwimidiya ye-bootable okanye i-bootable, njengeDVD okanye i-USB. I-drive kufuneka ibe ne-4GB ubuncinane yendawo.
3. Emva koko, konke okuseleyo kukuqala uLive kwikhompyuter yakho ukuyivavanya ngaphandle kokuyifaka, ewe, yonke into oyenzayo iya kucinywa, kuba ayisiyiyo indlela eqhubekayo, njengoko usazi ukuba iyenzeka kwezinye iidistros ozama kuzo. Imowudi ephilayo okanye ephilayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinketho zokusebenzisa i-LinuxCNC, njenge faka eyakho inkqubo okanye idistro kwikhompyuter yakho:

1. Nje ukuba uqalise i-LinuxCNC kwimowudi ebukhoma, imenyu iya kuboniswa xa ilayishwa.
2. Kule menyu ungakhetha ukuba uzame imowudi ephilayo okanye ikunika noFakelo ukhetho (Umzobo), khetha olu lulunye ukhetho.
3. Ngoku uya kuba negrafiki yewizadi eya kukukhokela inyathelo ngenyathelo lofakelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awuyazi into oyenzayo, kungcono uzame Imowudi ephilayo ukunqanda ukucima izahlulelo okanye ukonakalisa inkqubo yokusebenza osele uyifakile...

Yofakelo kwiRaspberry PiNangona kunjalo, amanyathelo ngala:

1. Kwakhona enye ethile yokuyifaka kwiRaspberry Pi, kuba unokuyisebenzisa kunye ne-SBC yakho oyithandayo, ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukhuphele. Imifanekiso yeRaspbian OS evela kwindawo yokukhuphela esemthethweni.
2. Ngoku uzakuba nefayile ye.xz enomfanekiso, yimpahla ecinezelweyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uvule unzip okanye nantoni na, sele ifundeka ngokuthe ngqo yiRaspberry Pi. Ngoko ke ungadlulisela i .xz kwimemori khadi ye-SD.
3. Uyifaka kwiRaspberry Pi. Kwaye uvule ibhodi ye-SBC. Ukuba ufuna ukuqwalasela iinketho zalo mfanekiso, unokusebenzisa umyalelo othi "sudo menu-config" ukuseta ulwimi lwakho, indawo yexesha, iadaptha yenethiwekhi, njl. Ukuba awuyenzi, iqala ngamaxabiso angagqibekanga.
4. Ngoku kuya kufuneka ufake igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha, ezi:
   • Igama lomsebenzisi: cnc
   • Iphasiwedi: cnc
5. Nje ukuba iqale, unayo yonke into elungele ukuqala ukuvavanya i-LinuxCNC.

Kukwakho nenye into enokwenzeka, kwaye kunjalo faka iipakethe zesoftware yeLinuxCNC kweyakho iGNU/Linux distro, ngaloo ndlela uya kuba nayo yonke isoftwe eyimfuneko yokusebenza ngoomatshini be-CNC kwinkqubo yakho yokusebenza, ngaphandle kokuyibuyisela kwenye okanye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iLive engaguqukiyo. Ukwenza oku, unokubona amanyathelo kwiphepha ngokwalo. amaxwebhu asemthethweni.

Ulwazi oluninzi, iipakethe zamaxwebhu ngeSpanish, iipakethe zokuzifaka kwi-distro yakho, Apha.

Izixhobo kunye neempawu zibandakanyiwe

I-LinuxCNC ibonelela nge isethi epheleleyo yezixhobo kunye nemisebenzi yokulawula oomatshini be-CNCkubandakanya:

• Ujongano lomsebenzisi weMizobo (GUI): Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzisane nomatshini intuitively, ukuqwalasela iiparitha, ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yomatshini kunye nokubona indlela yesixhobo.
• G khowudi itoliki- Uqonda kwaye enze ulwimi oluqhelekileyo lweprogram ye-CNC koomatshini (i-G-code), echaza ukunyakaza kwesixhobo kunye nemisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe.
• Umcwangcisi wentshukumo yexesha langempela-Ukwandisa indlela yesixhobo ukuze kuqinisekiswe iintshukumo ezigudileyo nezisebenzayo, ukunciphisa amaxesha omjikelo.
• Ulawulo lwe-asi-Ilawula intshukumo yee-axes ezininzi ngendlela ehambelanayo nechanekileyo, ivumela ukuyilwa kweendawo ezintsonkothileyo ezinejiyometri egobileyo kunye nomphezulu.
• Inkxaso kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini: Ifanelana neentlobo ezininzi zoomatshini be-CNC, ukusuka koomatshini bokugaya kunye neentambo ukuya kwiirobhothi kunye neenkqubo zokusika i-laser.
• I/O ulawulo-Ivumela uqhagamshelo kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zegalelo kunye nemveliso, ezinjengezoluvo, ii-actuator kunye neenjini.
• I-PLC edibeneyo- Kubandakanya isilawuli se-logical logic (PLC) ukuphumeza ingqiqo yolawulo oluyimfuneko ukuzenzekelayo iinkqubo.
• uqwalaselo oluguquguqukayo-Ikuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise useto lwenkqubo ukuba lulungele oomatshini abahlukeneyo kunye nosetyenziso.

Kufuneka kuthiwe iLinuxCNC ixhasa ujongano lwehardware eyahlukeneyo, njenge RS232 uthotho, USB, SPI (kwiRaspberry Pi), port parallel kwi PCI okanye PCIe amakhadi, kunye Ethernet. Ukongeza, ayifuni ikhomputha enezixhobo ezinkulu, idla i-RAM encinci, kwaye inokusebenza kunye ne-x86 (Intel kunye ne-AMD) kunye ne-ARM (i-Raspberry Pi kunye ne-Orange Pi).

Uncedo oluninzi ngeSpanish:

• Incwadi yophuhlisi kwiPDF.
• Amaxwebhu ePDF.

Ukuqalisa ngemizekelo: LinuxCNC nge Arduino

Ukufumana uncedo olusebenzayo kwizifundo zokusetyenziswa, unazo ezi abaqeqeshiweyo kwaye ezi imithombo yevidiyo. Apho unokufumana ulwazi olulungileyo malunga nendlela yokusingatha iipakethe ezibandakanyiweyo kwi-LinuxCNC, ezifana ne-QtDragon kunye ne-QtDragon_hd, zombini ezenziwe ngesakhelo se-QtVCP kunye ne-interface enembile ukuqala ukwenza umsebenzi we-CNC kumatshini we-3/4-axis. Ukongeza, inokusebenza kakuhle ngesikrini sokuchukumisa ukuba uyathanda, okanye nje ngemouse.

Umzekelo, apha ungabona imeko yomsebenzi yenxalenye yealuminiyam apho iLinuxCNC isetyenziselwe ukulawula umatshini womatshini:

Nazi ezinye iimeko zokusebenzisa i-LinuxCNC