Ngokuqinisekileyo ubonile amaxesha amaninzi, ngakumbi kwiimuvi, uthotho okanye amaxwebhu, adumileyo I-counter counter, ukulinganisa i-ionizing radiation. Ewe, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba ungayenza ngokwakho usebenzisa iArduino. Iprojekthi yesayensi enomdla kakhulu oya kufunda ngayo ngezi zixhobo kwaye uya kuba nakho ukwenza imilinganiselo kwindawo yakho.
Ngoko, masiye apho...
Yintoni ikhawunta yeGeiger?
Kwabo bangaziyo okwangoku, a Ikhawunta yeGeiger, ekwabizwa ngokuba ityhubhu yeGeiger-Müller, sisixhobo esenzelwe ukufumanisa nokulinganisa i-ionizing radioactivity.. Sisixhobo esisisiseko kwiinkalo ezifana nefiziksi yenyukliya, amayeza enyukliya kunye nokhuselo lwemitha. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukubala amasuntswana e-ionizing, afana ne-alpha, i-beta kunye nemitha ye-gamma, ekhutshwa yimathiriyeli ye-radioactive, ngoko ke igama layo: "i-counter".
Ukusebenza
Ukusebenza kwekhawuntara ye-Geiger kusekwe kumgaqo olula kodwa osebenzayo: i-ionization yegesi. Ukwenza oku, yenziwe ngamacandelo alandelayo asisiseko:
- ityhubhu yeGeiger-Müller: Intliziyo ye-counter yi-cylindrical metal tube kunye ne-electrode yocingo oluphakathi. Isithuba phakathi kwe-cylinder kunye nocingo luzaliswe ngegesi ehloniphekileyo, njenge-argon, kuxinzelelo oluphantsi.
- Ijeneretha yombane ophezulu: I-voltage ephezulu isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-cylinder kunye nocingo, ukudala intsimi yombane enamandla. Xa i-particle ionizing ingena kwi-tube, idibanisa ne-molecule yegesi, ikhupha ii-electron kunye nokudala ii-ion ezintle. Ii-elektroni ezikhutshiweyo zikhawuleziswa yintsimi yombane kwaye zingqubana nezinye iimolekyuli zegesi, zenza ii-ion ezininzi kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-avalanche. Oku kukhawuleza kwee-electron kuvelisa i-pulse emfutshane yombane okhoyo onokubonwa kwaye ukhuliswe yisekethe ye-elektroniki.
- Kwi-akhawunti: Isekethe ye-elektroniki ibala ezi pulses kwaye ibonise umphumo kwisiboniso, ebonisa inani leengqungquthela ezifunyenwe kwixesha elithile. Oko kukuthi, i-pulse nganye yombane eyenziwa yi-avalanche imele ukufunyanwa kwe-particle ionizing. Isekethe ye-elektroniki ibala ezi pulses kwaye ibonise kwi-display, inika umlinganiselo womsebenzi we-radioactive.
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ezinye iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo, khumbula ukuba amasuntswana e-radioactive anamandla okwaneleyo okukrazula i-electron kwi-athomu yegesi, oko kukuthi, ukuvelisa ii-ion ezintle kwaye, kwelinye icala, ii-electron zamahhala. Xa ii-electron ezikhutshiweyo zikhawuleziswa ngummandla wombane ukuya kwi-anode (ucingo oluphakathi), ngexesha le-avalanche, i-reaction ikhiqizwa eqhubekayo, eya kubonisa umlinganiselo oqhubekayo. Ukuze ugweme oku kunye nokwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha, inkqubo yokucima iqhutywe, ukuthintela umrhumo wombane ukuba ungaqhubeki. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokucima ukongeza irhasi encinci ye-halogen ukufunxa ii-electron kunye nee-ion, ngaloo ndlela ukubuyisela imeko yetyhubhu kumlinganiselo olandelayo.
Iinketho ezikhoyo ukwenza ikhawuntara yeGeiger ngeArduino
Nje ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni i-counter ye-Geiger kwaye uqonde indlela esebenza ngayo, into elandelayo kukwazi ukuba ungayenza njani Yakha isixhobo sakho ukulinganisa imitha ye-ionizing kokusingqongileyo ngokulula, ngexabiso eliphantsi nangokuchanekileyo.
En IAmazon unayo enye yale mibhobho esele yenziwe, kwimodyuli ehambelana neArduino, eyenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukuthenga ezi zivamvo okanye iityhubhu ngokwahlukeneyo akulula kwaye zibiza kakhulu, unokufumana ezinye zexesha le-Soviet okwesibini kwi-intanethi, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga le:
También ukho iikhithi ezinomdla zokuhlanganisa, ngayo yonke into oyifunayo, enokuba luncedo olukhulu, kwaye onokuthi wenze ngayo imeko yakho usebenzisa i-3D yoshicilelo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ube nefomathi edibeneyo kwaye efana neyorhwebo:
Kwaye, ukuba ungumsebenzi we-DIY kwaye ufuna solder amacandelo ukusuka ekuqaleni, ungafumana le enye:
Emva kwexesha siza kuhlalutya indlela yokuseta kunye nokuyicwangcisa…