Ukuba uvile nge-EDM kwaye uyazibuza ukuba yintoni na, ufike kwindawo efanelekileyo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba Ukukhutshwa kombane ngomatshiniIvumela ukwenziwa kweejometri ezintsonkothileyo kwizinto ezinzima kakhulu ngaphandle kwesixhobo esichukumisayo ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngamanye amazwi, isixhobo asinqumi: i-spark yenza umsebenzi.
Ngaso sonke esi sikhokelo uya kuqonda Iyintoni i-EDM, isebenza njani, zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo, zeziphi izinto ezinokusebenza ngomatshini?Uya kufunda xa kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa, ukuba ibandakanya ntoni na iindleko, kwaye ithelekiswa njani noomatshini bemveli. Uya kubona kwakhona amacandelo ayo, inyathelo ngenyathelo lokuhamba komsebenzi, kunye neempendulo kwimibuzo eqhelekileyo, yonke iboniswe ngendlela ecacileyo nengokwemvelo ukwenza kube lula ukufumana into oyifunayo.
Yintoni i-EDM (i-Electrical Discharge Machining)?
I-EDM yindlela yokususa izinto usebenzisa amandla ashushu: ukukhutshwa kombane okulawulwayo phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-workpiece Isetyenziselwa ukunyibilika kunye nokuphunga iinxalenye ezincinci zentsimbi. Isebenza ngokukodwa ngezinto zokuqhuba okanye ze-semiconducting, ngoko ke iiplastiki, iinkuni, iglasi, okanye iiseramikhi zokugquma azifanelekanga.
Amandla ayo amakhulu kukuba i inkqubo ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano ngoomatshiniEkubeni kungekho mandla okusika, i-deformation iyancitshiswa kwiindawo ezithambileyo, iindonga ezincinci okanye iinkcukacha ezinqabileyo kakhulu, kunye nokugqitywa kwezinto ezintle kakhulu kunye nokunyamezela okufunwayo kufunyenwe.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yayo, impembelelo etshabalalisayo yombane yaziwa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18, kodwa kwakungoo-1940 apho izazinzulu zaseSoviet. B. kunye N. Lazarenko Baphuhlise isekethe yokukhutshwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwi-dielectric medium eyenza ukuba umatshini olawulwayo usebenze. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-60, i-wireless discharge machining (EDM) yahamba emva kokubonakala koomatshini bokuqala bezorhwebo, kwaye ukususela ngoko iteknoloji iqhubekile nokuguquka. abaqolileyo kwaye bafake ulawulo lwe-CNC, i-multi-axis kunye ne-automation.
Isebenza njani: ukusuka kwimpembelelo yombane ukuya ekususweni kwezinto
Kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-EDM, umgaqo ufanayo: i-electrode (i-electrode, intonga, okanye i-electrode emile) iziswe kufuphi nomsebenzi, igcina ukuhlukana kwe-microscopic. Ijenereyitha isebenzisa iipulses ezenza a intlantsi phakathi kwe-electrode kunye neqhekeza; iqondo lobushushu lendawo linokufikelela kumyalelo we-14.500 ukuya kwi-21.500 °F, ngokwaneleyo ukunyibilika kunye nokuphunga izinto kwiindawo ezithile.
Le nkqubo yenzeka amawaka amaxesha ngomzuzwana. I-dielectric fluid (ioli ethile okanye amanzi adiyiniweyo asebenza njengesigqubuthelo kunye nesipholisiIkhupha i-micro-particles ekhutshweyo, izinzile ukukhutshwa, kwaye ikhusela iintlantsi ezingafunekiyo. Okwangoku, inkqubo ye-servo ilawula ukwahlula ukugcina intlantsi kwindawo yayo efanelekileyo, kwaye ijenereyitha ihlengahlengisa iiparamitha ezinje ngevolthi, yangoku, i-frequency, kunye ne-pulse shape.
Ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano kunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye ne-burrs; nokuba kunjalo, umaleko obhityileyo othi "recast" wenza umphezulu, ngoko ke kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kuyacetyiswa lungisa amandla okupasa kokugqibela ukuphucula ingqibelelo ye-metallurgical kunye nokugqiba.
Amacandelo aphambili omatshini we-EDM
Ngaphandle kwesakhelo kunye ne-axles, umatshini wokukhupha umbane (EDM) umatshini udibanisa iinkqubo ezininzi ezenza ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kwenkqubo; nganye kuzo inomsebenzi othile. ibaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho wokugqibela.
Unikezelo lwamandla kunye ne-pulse generator
Inika amandla inkqubo kwaye ivelise intlantsi. Iyalawula. I-voltage, yangoku, i-frequency, kunye nobude be-pulse kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni: ukurhabaxa, ukugqiba ngesiqingatha, okanye ukugqiba. Uhlengahlengiso olululo lubalulekile ukulungelelanisa ireyithi yokuqalisa, ukunxitywa kwe-electrode, kunye nokugqiba komphezulu.
Ii-electrodes
Kwi-EDM ye-sinker, i-electrode iphinda ivelise i-cavity ukuze isetyenziswe kakubi; kwi-EDM yocingo, i-electrode iyicingo elihle kakhulu, kwaye e-drilling, kunjalo umbhobho conductive apho i-dielectric nayo ihamba. Izinto eziqhelekileyo: igraphite, ubhedu, i-copper-tungsten, i-tungsten, ubhedu, kunye ne-alloys ehambelana nayo, nganye ineempawu zayo. ukulinganisela phakathi kwe-conductivity, ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka kunye nokusebenza.
Inkqubo yeDielectric
Kumsebenzi "ophakathi". Ingaba yioli (ixhaphake ngakumbi kwiisinki) okanye amanzi deionized (eqhelekileyo kwi-EDM yocingo). Ipholisa, isuse amaqhekeza, izinzise umjelo wokukhupha, kwaye iyanciphisa imijikelezo emfutshane. Ibandakanya itanki, impompo, izihluzi, kwaye, koomatshini abaninzi, iinkqubo zokupholisa ukulawula ubushushu bolwelo.
I-Servocontrol kunye nolawulo lwamanani
Ulawulo lwe-servo lulungelelanisa i-gap (ukwahlukana) phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-workpiece ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa i-spark esebenzayo kunye nezinzile, ngelixa i-CNC i-orchestrates. iindlela, utyekelo, amaxesha okukhuphela kunye nongqamanisoLe ndibaniselwano iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphinda-phinda nakwiinkcukacha ezintle kakhulu.
Izikhokelo, iintloko kunye nezixhobo
I-EDM yocingo isebenzisa izikhokelo eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi ezibamba kunye nokubeka ucingo; ukulungelelaniswa kwabo kunye nokuphakama okuguquguqukayo kuvumela ukusebenza kunye neziqwenga zobukhulu obahlukeneyo. ukuphakama kwaye wenze ama-angled cuts malunga ne-Z-axis. Umtshini uphinde udibanise itanki yomsebenzi, impompo, izixhobo, i-gauges (i-voltmeter / ammeter) kwaye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, inkqubo yokukhupha i-particle / filtration.
Iintlobo ze-EDM kunye nokuba yintoni enye esetyenziselwa yona
Ngokuxhomekeke kwijometri, ubungakanani besici, kunye nokugqiba okufunwayo, uhlobo olunye okanye olunye luya kufaneleka ngakumbi. Bonke babelana ngomgaqo ofanayo wokhukuliseko lwentlantsi, kodwa isixhobo se-electrode kunye... iqhinga lokusika.
I-EDM ngokungena (isinki, ukuntywiliselwa okanye umgodi)
I-electrode enesimo esifunwayo (eyenziwe ngegraphite okanye ubhedu, umzekelo) isetyenzisiweyo, efakwe kwi-workpiece ukuze "ikopi" loo geometry. Yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo imingxuma entsonkothileyo, imithambo enzulu, iikona zangaphakathi eziqine kakhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezingenakwenzeka okanye ezixabisa kakhulu ukufezekisa ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, kunciphisa ukucutshungulwa kwangemva okufunekayo ukuphucula ukugqibezela okanye ukuqina komphezulu.
Isebenza ngokuntywiliselwa kwi-oyile ye-dielectric kwaye ibonelela ngolawulo olubalaseleyo kwiindawo ze-3D, iyenza ibe yeyona nto iphambili iyafa, isikhunta kunye nezixhobo yobunzima obuphezulu. Umthamo wayo uxhomekeke kubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo.
I-EDM yocingo (umatshini wokukhupha umbane wocingo)
Isebenzisa i-conductive wire ecolekileyo kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-0,05 ukuya kwi-0,35 mm ububanzi, "i-sarha" yezinto eziphathekayo ngokusebenzisa iintlantsi ngelixa i-dielectric (amanzi ahlanjululweyo) ipholisa kwaye ikhuphe amasuntswanaIfanelekile kwi-contours ye-2D echanekileyo, kunye ne-tilts malunga ne-Z kwaye, kumaziko aphambili, kunye ne-5 axes.
Ifuna umngxuma wokuqala onemisonto kwaye inokuvelisa kuphela ngemingxunya, hayi iimfama. Ivumela i-radii yangaphakathi encinci kakhulu (inqunyelwe yi-diameter yocingo), ukuchaneka okugqwesileyo kwiipuntshi, ukufa kunye nemoto, izixhobo ze-aerospace, ezonyango kunye namazinyo.
I-EDM (i-EDM yokugaya)
Ikhethekileyo kwimingxuma emincinci kunye nemingxuma enzulu, ethe tye, engenaburr. Isebenzisa i-electrodes ye-tubular eyenza ukuhamba kwe-dielectric ngokusebenzisa isixhobo sokukhupha izinto. Inokufikelela kwiidiameters ngeenxa zonke 0,0015” (≈0,038 mm) okanye ngaphezulu, nokuba nemilinganiselo ephezulu kakhulu.
Iingenelo eziphambili: ukuqhubela phambili ngaphandle kokutenxa kwindawo egobileyo okanye etyekeleyo, ayichatshazelwa bubulukhuni bezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye ishiya isiphelo esihle kangangokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, isebenza njengendawo eqengqelekayo ngaphandle post-machining. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuqala ucingo kwi-EDM yocingo, ukususa iimpompo eziphukileyo, kunye nokwenza iziteshi zokupholisa kwii-blades ze-turbine.
Ukwahluka kunye nokwandiswa: i-multi-axis, i-micro-EDM kunye ne-EDM yokugaya
Xa kufanelekile ukukhetha i-EDM?
Kukho iimeko apho i-EDM ngokucacileyo iyona ndlela ingcono kakhulu: xa iijometri zingenakwenzeka ukugaya okanye ukujika ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, xa izinto eziphathekayo zinzima kakhulu, okanye xa injongo kukufezekisa ukujonga okuthe ngqo. ukugqiba okuphezulu, okungenaburr.
- Ukwemba imingxuma emincinci kunye nemingxuma enzulu kakhulu ngokunyamezelana okuqinileyo.
- Ukusika i-extrusions, iimilo ezijikelezayo, kunye neekhonto ezintsonkothileyo ze-2D nge Ukuchaneka okukhulu.
- Isizukulwana se-3D entsonkothileyo kwimingxuma ekubumbeni kwaye iyafa, kunye imithambo enzulu kunye neekona zangaphakathi eziqinileyo.
- Ukukrola kwizinto eziqinileyo (umzekelo, tungsten okanye carbide).
- Ukususwa kweetephu ezaphukileyo okanye iidrili ngaphandle kokonakalisa i-workpiece, nokuba kwizinto eziphathwa ngobushushu.
Iingenelo eziluncedo kunye neentsilelo
I-EDM ivelele ngokuchaneka kwayo komda, ukungabikho koxinzelelo lomatshini, kunye ne-a ukugqiba umgangatho ophezuluKodwa akusiyo i-bullet yesilivere, kwaye kubalulekile ukwazi iingxaki zayo.
- Iinzuzo: inkqubo yokungaqhagamshelwa enciphisa i-deformation; unyamezelo olufuna kakhulu (ngokomyalelo ±0,0002″); ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza izinto ezilukhuni kakhuluUkusika okunzulu kunye nokuzinzile; ama-burrs amancinci; izinga eliphantsi lokunxiba isixhobo xa kuthelekiswa nokusika okuqhelekileyo; ukubakho "kokucima izibane" okuzenzekelayo.
- Umthengi: amaxesha okuqalisa acothayo kunomatshini wesintu; ayifanelekanga kwizinto ezingezo-conductive; ukusetyenziswa kombane okuphezulu; umatshini ophezulu kunye neendleko zokusebenza (i-electrodes, ucingo, i-dielectric); umaleko we-annealed unokufuna ukupasa kokugqiba; kwi-EDM yocingo, i-cavities eyimfama ayinakwenziwa, kwaye i-radius encinci yangaphakathi inqunyelwe yi idayamitha yomsontoIikona ezibukhali ngokugqibeleleyo aziveliswanga kwakhona.
Izinto ezihambelanayo
Phantse zonke iintsimbi kunye nealloys zinokwenziwa ngoomatshini. Phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo zezi: intsimbi (kubandakanywa intsimbi eqinile kunye nentsimbi)ubhedu, i-aluminium, ubhedu, igraphite, i-titanium, i-tungsten carbide, i-Kovar, igolide kunye nesilivere.
Kwi-nickel-based superalloys (Inconel, Hastelloy) I-EDM isebenza ngokuthembekileyo; nge-nickels ezicocekileyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aeronautics, i ukhetho lwe-electrode kunye neeparamitha Ingundoqo ekugcineni amaxabiso okuqalisa azinzileyo kunye nokugqitywa komgangatho.
Amashishini aqhelekileyo kunye neenxalenye
I-Electrical discharge machining (EDM) iye yaba sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kumacandelo apho ukuchaneka kunye nemathiriyeli enzima ibalulekile, ngokukodwa ekuveleleni. i-aerospace, imoto, unyango namandla.
- I-Aerospace: iincakuba zomoya, ii-injection, amacandelo okupholisa, izixhaso zesakhiwo kunye nezindlu ze-avionics ezinokunyamezela okubalulekileyo.
- Ukwenza iimoto kunye nokufa: amanqindi, ukusika, ukukhupha kunye nokuzoba nzulu kuyafa, ezintsonkothileyo ziyafa kunye neegeyiji.
- Ezonyango kunye namazinyo: ukufakelwa kunye nezixhobo zotyando kunye neenkcukacha zemizuzu kunye ukugqiba kwamahhala.
- I-Electronics / i-semiconductors: izihlanganisi, izindlu kunye neendawo ezichanekileyo nge iicontours ezintle.
- Amandla kunye neminye imimandla: ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya/amandla omoya, iR&D kunye nokusetyenziswa zomkhosi kunye neziseko.
Iindleko: utyalo-mali, ukusebenza kunye nemveliso
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhawuleze ukuthenga umatshini we-EDM, qwalasela ibhalansi phakathi kotyalo-mali, iindleko zokucubungula, kunye nomthwalo wokusebenza, kuba ukhetho inefuthe elithe ngqo kwingeniso.
Utyalo-mali koomatshini
Utyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu, ngakumbi kwiimodeli zamva nje. Ngomgama omfutshane kakhulu, ixabiso elimiselweyo ngeqhekeza ngalinye linokwenyuka, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba... hlalutya umthwalo womsebenzi kunye nokubuyisela kulindeleke.
Iindleko zokusebenza kunye nezinto eziphathekayo
Kubandakanyeke ii-electrodes, iingcingo, i-dielectric fluid, ukuhluzwa nombane. Nangona kunjalo, inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo idla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwiinkqubo zoomatshini, ngoko ke ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo linokuba liphantsi. umxholo omninzi kwizicelo ezininzi.
Isondlo kunye nabasebenzi
Njengawo nawuphi na umatshini ochanekileyo, ufuna ukugcinwa kokuthintela (ukuhlunga, izikhokelo, ukulinganisa). Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kwayo kufuna abasebenzi abanamavaOku kwandisa iindleko zabasebenzi kodwa kuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo.
Imveliso kunye nexesha lokukhokela
Kwiindawo ezinzima ezifuna ukuseta ezininzi kwi-machining eqhelekileyo, i-EDM inokugqiba inkqubo ngokuseta enye, ukunciphisa iimpazamo kunye namaxesha okukhokela. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ngokwayo ingaphezulu icotha kune-CNC kwimiqulu emikhulu, ngoko ke ukucwangcisa kubalulekile.
Izixhobo kunye nokukhethwa kwababoneleli
Kwimveliso ye-sinker electrode, ixabiso lokuvelisa i-electrode linokubaluleka ukuba ubungakanani bebhetshi buncinci. Ukuba ukhupha, khangela ababoneleli nge ipaki enkulu ye-plumb bobs, intambo kunye ne-drillsUnxibelelwano oluhle, amaxesha athembekileyo kunye namandla obungakanani benxalenye yakho kunye nobunzima.
I-EDM ngokubhekiselele kumatshini wemveli
Ezi nkqubo zimbini azisoloko zikhuphisana; rhoqo ziyaphelelisana. Kumngundo, umzekelo, kuqhelekile ukwenza kwangaphambili nge-CNC yokusila kunye nokucokisa imiphetho nge... ucingo lokukhupha machining.
- I-EDM: ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano, ukuphazamiseka okuncinci, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye ukugqiba okuphezuluIsebenza ngezinto ezinzima kakhulu; iyacotha kwaye inexabiso eliphezulu ngeyure.
- Ngokwemveli: ngokukhawuleza kwisiqalo esikhulu, izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (kubandakanya nabaqhubi), iindleko ezisezantsi ngeyure; inokwenza uxinzelelo kunye neebhula, kwaye ibe nobunzima bokufikelela okuthile iikona zangaphakathi.
Ukudityaniswa ne-CNC kunye nesoftware eqhelekileyo
I-CNC yi-interface edibanisa ukuyila kunye nomatshini: iguqulela i-trajectories kwiintshukumo ze-axis kunye ilawula ukhupheloKwi-EDM yocingo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-ax ze-U / V ziqhelekile kwi-taper cutting, kwaye kwi-EDM ye-multi-axis, ukujikeleza kongezwa kwiijometri ezicacileyo.
- I-CAD/CAM: Ivelisa i-EDM-specific geometries kunye neendlela zesixhobo (kubandakanya imbuyekezo yocingo kunye izicwangciso ezidlulileyo).
- Ukulinganisa: jonga kwaye ulungiselele ngaphambi kokusika ukubona ukungqubana kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
- Ukujongwa kwenkqubo: kulungelelanisa yangoku, i-voltage, kunye neeparamitha ze-pulse ngexesha langempela.
- Ukuveliswa kwendlela: ilawula amagalelo/iziphumo, ubuncinci berediya, kunye nomgangatho we gqiba.
Inyathelo ngenyathelo lokuhamba komsebenzi
Nangona usapho ngalunye (i-threading, i-plumb bob, i-drilling) inama-nuances, ukuhamba okusisiseko kuyafana kwaye kunceda ukuqonda okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwibhabhu yomsebenzi kumjikelo ngamnye. ukukhulula kunye nokufuduka.
- Ukulungiselela: i-workpiece, i-electrode / i-wire, i-dielectric fluid, izixhobo zokukhusela kunye neprogram ye-CNC ilungile.
- Ukulungiswa kunye nokulungelelanisa: isiqwenga sibanjwe, sibhekiswe kwaye sikhuselekile isithuba sokuqala Kunene.
- Ulawulo lwe-Dielectric: i-fluid izaliswe / inikezelwa (ukucwiliswa okanye i-jet), kunye nokucoca okusebenzayo.
- Ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo: I-CNC ilungelelanisa i-axes kunye nokukhutshelwa; i-servo ilungisa ukwahlukana ngexesha langempela.
- Ukususwa kwezinto: Intlantsi nganye iyanyibilika/iba ngumphunga amasuntswana edielectric rhuqa uphume; iphindaphindwa de kube kugqitywe ukupasa nokugqiba.
Iimeko apho i-EDM iphumelele ngokudilika komhlaba
Kukho imisebenzi apho ukukhutshwa kombane (EDM) yeyona ndlela ilungileyo: ukusika okunzulu kakhulu kwaye okuzinzileyo, iikona zangaphakathi eziqinileyoiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo, ezidityaniswe nonyango lwangaphambili ukuthintela ukonakala, kunye nokuveliswa kokungunda okuqinileyo. bamelana nemijikelo emininzi ngokutshintshwa okumbalwa.
I-Electrical Discharge machining (EDM) ibeka umbane ekusebenzeleni kwakho: xa umatshini oqhelekileyo usilela ngenxa yobunzima, ijometri, okanye umngcipheko wokuguqulwa, le nkqubo ayikuvumeli kuphela ukuba wenze inxalenye, kodwa ukwenza njalo Ukuchaneka okugqwesileyo kunye nokugqibaukudibanisa ne-CAD / CAM, i-automation kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo ukuphucula amaxesha okukhokela, umgangatho kunye nokuphindaphinda.
