Embindini wesixeko sakudala sase PompeiiApho ukuqhuma kweVesuvius ngo-79 AD kungcwatywe yonke into phantsi komlotha kunye ne-pumice, i-protagonist entsha ijoyine iqela lolondolozo: a irobhothi ekhokelwa bukrelekrele bokwenziwa ekwaziyo ukuncedisa ekubuyiseleni imifanekiso ekroliweyo eyayiqhekezwe kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla kangangamashumi eminyaka.
Kude nomfanekiso we-archeology classical esekelwe kuphela kwi-palette kunye nebrashi, le projekthi idibanisa iirobhothi eziphambili, ii-algorithms ze-AI, kunye nobuchule bokubona kwikhompyuter ukucwangcisa ngokutsha amaqhekeza ngokungathi yiphazili yejigsaw enkulu, enamawakawaka amaqhekeza awonakeleyo kwaye akukho "bhokisi yefoto" ebonisa isiphumo sokugqibela.
Ilabhoratri yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu entliziyweni yePompeii
Inkqubo yerobhothi yinxalenye ye UKULUNGISA, i-acronym yesiNgesi ye "Reconstruction of the Past", iprojekthi yophando exhaswa ngemali yi European Union eye yaguqula indawo yepaki yezinto zakudala ibe yilabhoratri yokwenyani yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esetyenziswa kwilifa lemveli.
Ngokutsho kwabo baphethe inkqubo, iqonga lifakwe kwi Indlu yaseRustic, Isakhiwo sombuso ngaphakathi kwePaki ye-Archaeological Park yasePompeii esiye sahlaziywa kwaye sahlengahlengiswa ukuze sigcine izixhobo zenzululwazi eziyimfuneko, ukusuka kwiingalo zerobhothi ukuya kumfanekiso wokubamba kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula.
Umququzeleli weprojekthi, uNjingalwazi Marcello Pelillo, evela kwiYunivesithi yaseCa' Foscari yaseVenice, igxininisa ukuba eli nyathelo liye lahlanganisa "ihlabathi elibonakala likude kakhulu" ukusuka kwelinye icala: kwelinye icala, iindlela eziphambili kakhulu ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nerobhothi; kwelinye, i zakudala zemveli kunye nolondolozo yempahla yenkcubeko.
Ngamazwi abaphandi, injongo iphindwe kabini: kwelinye icala, ukuqhubela phambili kwi ukwakhiwa kwakhona ngokomzimba kweefrescoesNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwezinye iisayithi kunye neemyuziyam e-Italy, eSpeyin kunye neYurophu yonke, apho amawaka amaqhekeza aqokelelwa kwiidiphozithi ezilindele ukufundwa.
Isebenza njani irobhothi yokusombulula iiphazili
Inkqubo eyilwe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-REPAIR ibandakanya iingalo zerobhothi ezimbini ezifanayoifakwe kwi-torso eqhelekileyo, ixhotyiswe nge abenzi boluvo ezivumela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweqhekeza ngalinye kunye nendawo yalo emajukujukwini.
Ingalo nganye iphela kuhlobo oluthile "isandla esithambileyo" sesakhiwo esiguquguqukayoekwaziyo ukubamba iziqwenga eziethe-ethe kakhulu ngokubambelela eethe-ethe, ukunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo owongezelelekileyo kumphezulu osele wonakaliswe lugqabhuko-dubulo, ukuhamba kwexesha kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ngokuqhushumba kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Ukuhamba komsebenzi kuqala nge ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwamaqhekezaImifanekiso eneenkcukacha ithathwa kwisiqwenga ngasinye kwaye igcinwe kwinkqubo yekhompyuter. Ukusebenzisa olu lwazi, ii-algorithms zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa zizama "ukusombulula" iphazili ngokuhlalutya imiphetho, umhombiso, imibala, imilo, kunye nongqamaniso olunokwenzeka phakathi kwamaqhekeza.
Nje ukuba isoftware iphakamise isisombululo esinokwenzeka, sithunyelwa kwi iqonga lezixhoboapho iingalo zerobhothi zibeka amalungu kwindawo ebalwayo. Le ndibano ezenzekelayo ivumela ukudityaniswa kovavanyo ngokukhawuleza kunomsebenzi owenziwe ngesandla.
U-Pelillo ushwankathela umngeni ngokukhumbuza wonke umntu ukuba yiphazili. "inzima kakhulu"ngamakhulu okanye amawaka amaqhekeza, ahlala ewohloka kakhulu kwaye ngaphandle kwethu sazi kwangaphambili ukuba umfanekiso wokugqibela uya kujongeka njani, nto leyo enyanzela i-AI ukuba isebenze ngokuyimfama, ngaphandle kwemodeli epheleleyo yesalathiso.
Iifrikoyi ze-Iconic: ukusuka kwiNdlu yeePainter ukuya kwi-Schola Armaturarum
Inqanaba lovavanyo lwerobhothi ligxile kwiiseti ezimbini zemveliso entsha eqwalaselwayo umfuziselo welifa lehlabathi nokuba babekwimo eqhekekileyo kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla zale paki.
Eyokuqala iyahambelana isilingi yamagumbi aliqela eNdlu yabapeyinti abaSebenzayo kwiSiqithi sabathanda ubunyulu (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiNdlu yeePainters in Action), yonakaliswe kugqabhuko-dubulo lweVesuvius yaza yavuthelwa ngokoqobo iziqwenga zeziqhushumbisi ezachaphazela iPompeii ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Iqela lesibini lemisebenzi yifrescoes ye Isikolo Armaturarum, Isakhiwo esinxulumene nemibutho ye-gladiator, eyadilika ngo-2010 yashiya uninzi lomhombiso wayo oseludongeni wonakaliswe kakhulu kwaye awukabuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo.
Zombini iiseti zibonisa kanye uhlobo lwengxaki le projekthi efuna ukuyilungisa: amawaka eentsalela ezithe saaenezikhewu, imiphezulu ekhukulisekileyo kunye neziqwenga ezixubeneyo ezinokuthi zibe zezemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, into eyenza nzima kakhulu umsebenzi wababuyisi.
Njengoko umlawuli wePompeii Archaeological Park echaza, UGabriel ZuchtriegelUbume obukhethekileyo kunye nokuhonjiswa kweqhekeza ngalinye ngokwethiyori kuvumela ukuba yonke into idityaniswe, kodwa "akukho mntu unokuyenza yedwa" xa ujongana nomthamo omkhulu wezinto ezonakalisiweyo, ngoko ke uncedo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa luba ngundoqo.
I-AI kunye ne-archeology: intsebenziswano, kungekhona ukutshintshwa
Ngaphandle kokuvelela kweendaba zerobhothi, abaphathi be-REPAIR banyanzelisa ukuba Itekhnoloji ayenzelwanga ukuba ithathele indawo abembi bezinto zakudalakodwa ukubaxhasa komnye weyona misebenzi icothayo kunye neyona ikhathazayo yomsebenzi wabo: ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwezinto eziqhekezayo.
Ukuqeqesha inkqubo, iqela lidale iikopi ezenziweyo zamaqhekeza Ngokusekelwe kwiimodeli ezifakwe kwidijithali, i-robot inokuziqhelanisa namacandelo angeyonyani ngexesha lesigaba sokuvavanya, ukunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo kwizinto zokuqala.
Ujongano oluphuhlisiweyo luvumela iingcali kwimizobo eseludongeni kunye nokubuyiselwa Sebenzisana nenkqubo, qinisekisa okanye ulungise izisombululo ezicetywayo yi-AI kwaye negalelo kwisigwebo esisekelwe kumava, ngakumbi malunga nesitayela, ubuchule kunye ne-iconography.
Ecaleni komsebenzi kunye nerobhothi, iqela leengcali ezivela kwi KwiYunivesithi yaseLausanneEkhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uMichel E. Fuchs, iqela liye lachitha iminyaka liphuhlisa inkqubo yokufunda kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwencwadana, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwe-morphological, stylistic kunye nobugcisa beqhekeza ngalinye, elihlanganiswe neziphumo eziveliswa ngumatshini.
Le ndlela yokudibanisa-ukudibanisa ukubala okuzenzekelayo kunye namava omntu- Kuvela njengophawu lweeprojekthi zaseYurophu ezizayo kwiindawo ze-archaeological kunye neemyuziyam, apho intsebenziswano phakathi kwamacandelo iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Iprojekthi yaseYurophu enempembelelo ngaphaya kwe-Itali
I-REPAIR yasungulwa NgoSeptemba 2021 kwaye iququzelelwa yiYunivesithi yaseCa' Foscari yaseVenice, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabaninzi Amaziko ophando aseYurophu kunye namaziko, kubandakanywa ne-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) kunye nePompeii Archaeological Park ngokwayo njengendawo ephambili yokuvavanya.
Iprojekthi ixhaswa ngemali ngu European UnionOku komeleza umgangatho woluntu wenyathelo elingaphelelanga ekusombululeni ityala elithile ePompeii, kodwa linqwenela ukubeka iziseko zezixhobo ezitsha ezisebenzayo ilifa lenkcubeko kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuquka naleyo yagcinwa eSpeyin.
Iimyuziyam, iipaki zezinto zakudala, kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto zakudala eziqhekezayo zinokuzuza kule minyaka izayo. iindlela ezenziweyo Kolu vavanyo, sihlengahlengise ii-algorithms kunye neerobhothi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso: hayi iifrescoes kuphela, kodwa kunye neekeramics, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, okanye izinto zokwakha.
Kwiindawo zokugcina iindawo ezininzi ze-archaeological zaseYurophu, zigcinwe amawaka amaqhekeza asaza kuhlanganiswa kwakhona leyo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwexesha kunye nezibonelelo zoluntu, ayizange ikwazi ukufundwa nzulu. Ukuba itekhnoloji ingqineka ithembekile, inokukhawulezisa ngokubonakalayo iinkqubo zokuhlela, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha, kunye nokushicilelwa.
Abaxhasi bale nkqubo bagxininisa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba naluphi na ukuqaliswa okubanzi kufuneka kuqhutywe kunye imiqathango engqongqo yolondolozo kunye nokubeka ilisoukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweerobhothi kunye ne-algorithms ayichaphazeli ukuthembeka kwemisebenzi yokuqala.
I-Archeology yexesha elizayo: imingeni kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka
Enye yezona zinto zintsokothileyo zeprojekthi yindalo yento irobhothi esebenza nayo: iziqwenga ezingaphelelanga, ezikhukulisiweyo nezixubeneyoedla ngokumela kuphela inxalenye encinci yomsebenzi wokuqala, ishiya izikhewu ezinkulu ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo.
Ii-algorithms kufuneka zijongane nazo ukungaqiniseki ngemvelaphi kanye amaqhekeza amaninzi: nangona zigcinwe koovimba abafanayo, zinokungqamana namagumbi ahlukeneyo, amaxesha ahlukeneyo okanye kwanezakhiwo eziqeleleneyo, nto leyo enyanzela inkqubo ukuba ilahle indibaniselwano ebonakala isemthethweni kodwa engachanekanga.
Ukulawula obu bunzima, abaphuhlisi bajike ku ubuchule bombono obuphambili bekhompyuter kunye nokufunda komatshini, okwaziyo ukuvavanya ngaxeshanye ubume, ubukhulu be-plaster, ipateni yokuhombisa, imibala kunye nokuqhubekeka okunokwenzeka phakathi kwemivimbo kunye ne-pictorial motifs.
Umlawuli wale paki, uGabriel Zuchtriegel, ubona lo mgca womsebenzi njengomboniso wento enokuba yinto i-archeology yekamvaApho ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa buya kudlala indima ephambili kungekuphela nje ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kweefrescoes, kodwa nasekulawuleni idatha, uxwebhu lokumba kunye nokudalwa kweemodeli ezibonakalayo ezifikelelekayo kuluntu.
Inkqubela phambili ephunyeziweyo ePompeii-enye yezona ndawo zidumileyo zehlabathi ngezakudala-inokusebenza njengomboniso wokukhuthaza iiprojekthi ezifanayo kwezinye iisayithi zaseYurophu, ukukhuthaza i-archaeological sites. uthungelwano lwentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko ezabelana ngobuchwepheshe, oovimba beenkcukacha, kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza.
Amava ale robot ekhokelwa yi-AI ePompeii ibonisa ukuba, xa idibene uphando olunzulu, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nolwazi lwe-archaeologicalKunokwenzeka ukubuyisela ifom-kwaye ngokuyinxenye kunye nembali-kwimisebenzi ebonakala igwetywe ukuba ihlale iqhekekile kwiibhokisi zokugcina iimpahla, ivula indlela ethembisayo yokugcinwa kwelifa lemveli e-Italy, eSpain naseYurophu yonke.