Namhlanje, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wobunzima kunye namandla Ingundoqo kuzo zombini izicelo zoshishino kunye neeprojekthi zasekhaya kunye nophando. Ukuba ukhe wazibuza Yintoni i-strain gauge sensor? kwaye ihambelana njani ne Imodyuli ye-HX711 Ukuba ujonge indlela yokwenza izikali zedijithali ezichanekileyo, ufike kwindawo elungileyo. Apha, siza kucazulula yonke inkalo, ukusuka kwithiyori ukuya kwiprakthiza, ukuze uqonde zonke iinkcukacha kwaye ufunde indlela yokuphumeza inkqubo yakho yokulinganisa.
Kutshanje ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuye kwanda iigeji zoxinzelelo kunye neemodyuli ezifana ne HX711 ekudaleni izikali zasekhaya, iimveliso ezizisebenzelayo zasekhaya, kunye novavanyo lwesikolo. Okona kulungileyo, la macandelo afikelelekayo, ayahambelana namaqonga afana neArduino, kwaye avumele imilinganiselo ethembekileyo kwinqanaba lobungcali Ukuba zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo. Makhe sijonge inyathelo ngenyathelo kuyo yonke into, ukusuka ekusebenzeni okusisiseko ukuya kuhlanganiso kunye nokucwangcisa.
Yintoni igeyiji yoxinzelelo kwaye isebenza njani?
La igeyiji yoxinzelelo Yiyo inzwa yepizoresistive eguqula i-deformation (nokuba ngoxinzelelo, ukutsalwa okanye ukunyanzeliswa) ibe yintlukwano yokumelana nombane, okusivumela ukuba silinganise ngokungathanga ngqo amandla okanye ubunzima obusetyenziswe kumphezulu. Le propati ibalulekile ekuvavanyeni umthwalo kwiiseli zanamhlanje zomthwalo..
Kuyilo lwayo olusisiseko, igeyiji yokuziva iqulathe a intambo yentsimbi entle kakhulu ibekwe ngaphakathi kwefilimu encamathelayo. Xa ulwakhiwo oludityaniswe kuyo lugqwethekile, i-filament yolula okanye icinezele, itshintsha ukuchasana kwayo. Olu tshintsho, nangona luncinci, lulingana namandla asetyenziswayo. kwaye inokuhlalutywa ngombane.
Isiphumo se-piezoresistive Ukuxhathisa kwegeyiji kuyenyuka xa isoluliwe, kwaye kuncipha xa kuxinaniswe. Oku kuvumela umgudu womzimba ukuba uguqulwe ube ngumqondiso wombane onokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo.
Ezi geyiji zihlala zinemigangatho yokumelana nemigangatho efana ne 120Ω, 350Ω okanye 1000Ω, kwaye utshintsho olubangelwa ukuguqulwa luncinci: umzekelo, ukuhluka kwe-0.12 Ω ngaphezu kwe-120 Ω kwimithwalo ebalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhulisa kunye nemilinganiselo, ezi zintlukwano ezincinci kuya kuba nzima ukuzibona.
Iseli yomthwalo: usetyenziso lweegeyiji zoxinzelelo
Omnye layisha iseli Yi-transducer esebenzisa iigeji zoxinzelelo guqula amandla oomatshini kwimiqondiso yombaneUmgaqo wokusebenza ulula: igeyiji enye okanye ngaphezulu idityaniswe kwisakhiwo sesinyithi esenzelwe ukonakala ngokuqikelelwa phantsi komthwalo. Xa ubunzima busetyenziswa, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, njengoko kwenza i-gauges, kunye nesignali yombane ehambelana noxinzelelo lwenziwa.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zomthwalo (i-hydraulic, i-pneumatic, i-strain gauge, njl.), nangona kwiinkqubo ze-electronics kunye ne-embedded systems eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-strain gauge. Uyilo lwayo olungaguqukiyo luvumela ukuba a ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza.
Iiseli ziyahluka ngobukhulu, ukumila, umthamo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa koomatshini, ukusuka kwezincinci ezinobunzima beegram ukuya kwiinguqulelo zamashishini ezinobunzima beetoni.
Ngaphakathi, uninzi lweeseli zomthwalo zixhoma i-1, 2 okanye 4 iigeji zoxinzelelo zenza ibhulorho yeWheatstone., isekethe yombane enomdla kwiiyantlukwano ezincinci ekuchaseni.
Ibhulorho ye-Wheatstone: IMfihlo yokuSensitivity
El Ibhulorho yeWheatstone Yiyo wesekethe resistors ezine zicwangciswe kwisikwere, apho enye okanye ngaphezulu inokuba ziigeyiji zoxinzelelo. Xa kungekho mthwalo, isekethe ikwi-equilibrium kwaye akukho ntlukwano enokubakho phakathi kweziphumo zayo. Xa iigeyiji zikhubazekile, olu lungelelwaniso luyaqhawuka. kunye nokwahluka kombane obonakalayo kubonakala ebonisa umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo.
Oluqwalaselo yandisa ubuntununtunu kutshintsho kuxhathiso kwaye ivumela ukuchongwa kweeyantlukwano ezincinci, ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zibanjwe ngenye indlela.
Kwizikali zasekhaya okanye zelabhoratri, kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa iigeyiji ezine ezenza ibhulorho yeWheatstone epheleleyo, njengoko kunjalo ngezikali ezininzi zokuhlambela kunye namaqonga okulinganisa. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iimpazamo zeqondo lokushisa kunye nokuphucula umgca kunye nokuchaneka.
Kutheni sifuna imodyuli yeHX711?
Nangona ibhulorho yeWheatstone ikhulisa ukwahluka kombane, utshintsho luncinci kakhulu (ngokomyalelo we-microvolts). IMicrocontrollers efana neArduino ayinakukwazi ukuzibona, singasathethi ke ngokwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo.
El Imodyuli ye-HX711 Yitshiphu eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iisistim zokulinganisa kunye neeseli zomthwalo we-strain gauge, iququzelela ukufundwa okuchanekileyo.
El HX711 isebenza njenge isixhobo sokukhulisa izixhobo y I-24-bit ye-analog-to-digital converter (ADC)Owona msebenzi wayo kuku:
- Fumana umqondiso wokwahluka kwibhulorho yeWheatstone.
- Yandise ukufunda lula.
- Yiguqule ibe ngumqondiso wedijithali onesisombululo esiphezulu ukuze i-microcontroller ikwazi ukuyiqhuba.
Ukongeza, i-HX711 ibonisa ujongano olulula lwedijithali kunye nezikhonkwane ezi-2 kuphela (iClock kunye neDatha), efana nebhasi ye-I2C, eyenza lula uxhulumaniso kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nesofthiwe.
Iimpawu eziphambili zemodyuli yeHX711
El HX711 Ibalasele ngobuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ezinye zeempawu zayo eziphambili zezi:
- 24-bit echanekileyo ukubona utshintsho lobunzima obuncinci.
- Ukwandiswa kophawu oludityanisiweyo kunye neprogrammable (ngokuqhelekileyo x128 okanye x64).
- Imijelo emibini ezimeleyo yokufaka i-analog.
- Ujongano lweDijithali kunye nezikhonkwane ezi-2 (iDatha yothotho kunye neClock yothotho).
- Ukutya kwe 2,6V ukuya ku-5,5V, iyahambelana neArduino kunye nezinye ii-microcontrollers.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
Imodyuli idla ngokuza nemigca emibini yezikhonkwane: enye yokudibanisa kwiseli yomthwalo kunye nenye ye-microcontroller.
Ezi zikhonkwane zidla ngokubhalwa ngolu hlobo: E+, E-, A+, A-, VCC, GND, DT, SCKIintambo zeeseli zomthwalo oqhelekileyo zezi:
- Bomvu: Uvuselelo oluhle (E+ / VCC)
- Omnyama: Uvuselelo olubi (E- / GND)
- Mhlophe: Isiphumo esibi (A-)
- Luhlaza: Imveliso entle (A+)
Iindidi zoqhagamshelo kunye nokulayisha ukwahluka kweeseli
I-Standard load cell wiring yi-four-wire, nangona imibala inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumenzi. Ezinye iinguqulelo ezingabizi kakhulu okanye ezihlaziyiweyo zineengcingo ezintathu, ngelixa ezihambele phambili ngakumbi ziquka ucingo lwesihlanu olutyheli okanye olublowu lokukhusela okanye ukubeka phantsi.
Kwiiprojekthi zasekhaya, iiseli zomthwalo eziqhelekileyo zi 5 kg okanye 20 kg, nangona kukho iinguqulelo ukuya kwi-50 kg okanye ngaphezulu kwizicelo zoshishino.
Ukudibanisa iiseli ezininzi, njengakwizikali zokuhlambela, a imodyuli yomhlanganisi okanye uqhagamshelo lwezandla, olufuna ulwazi lombane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela isalathiso sotolo kwiseli ukwenzela umlinganiselo ochanekileyo, uqinisekisa ukuba indawo esembindini ikhululekile kwaye i-deformation ilungile.
Ukudibanisa isikali sedijithali: izixhobo kunye nokudibanisa
ukwakha a isikali sedijithali Ngeegeji zoxinzelelo kunye ne-HX711, uya kufuna:
- Umlawuli omncinci (Arduino UNO, Nano, Mega, ESP8266, njl.).
- Ubuncinci iseli yomthwalo enye (1kg, 5kg, 20kg… njengoko kufuneka).
- Imodyuli ye-HX711
- Umphezulu oqinileyo weqonga.
- Iintambo, izihlanganisi kunye nezikrufu.
Ngokukodwa, unokongeza:
- Isikrini se-LCD okanye umboniso ukubonisa ubunzima.
- Amaqhosha e-tare kunye nemowudi.
- Iinkxaso okanye iipleyiti zesakhiwo.
- Amacandelo oqhagamshelwano afana neWiFi okanye iBluetooth ene-ESP8266/ESP32.
Imidibaniso ilula:
- Qhagamshela iingcingo zeseli kwi-HX711 izikhonkwane: Ebomvu ukuya ku-E+, iMnyama ukuya ku-E-, iMhlophe ukuya ku-A-, eluhlaza ukuya ku-A+.
- I-VCC kunye ne-GND ye-HX711 ukuya kwi-5V kunye ne-GND ye-microcontroller.
- I-DT kunye ne-SCK ye-HX711 kwizikhonkwane zedijithali (umzekelo 3 kunye ne-2).
- Beka iseli kwisakhiwo, uqinisekise ukuba indawo esembindini kuphela ihlala ikhululekile ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo.
Ukucwangcisa ngeArduino kunye nokulinganisa isikali
Ukufunda idatha, i Ivenkile yeencwadi kaBogde HX711, ekhoyo kwi-Arduino IDE uMphathi weThala leeNcwadi. Ezinye iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:
- qala(pinData, pinClock): qala imodyuli.
- imisebenzi: icwangcisa ubunzima be-zero kumsebenzi we-tare.
- misela_isikali(isikali): ichaza into eguqula ufundo lube ziiyunithi zobunzima.
- funda () / funda_umndilili (n): fumana ufundo olukrwada okanye oluphakathi.
- get_value(n): ibuyisela ufundo ngaphandle kobunzima be tare.
- fumana_iiyunithi(n): inikeza ubunzima obulungelelanisiweyo kunye nesikali kunye ne-tare.
Ulungelelwaniso lubandakanya ukubeka ubunzima obaziwayo, ukuthatha ufundo, kunye nokubala umlinganiselo wesikali: isikali = ukufunda / ubunzima bokwenyani. Yaziswa ke kwikhowudi ukuze kulungiswe ufundo lwexesha elizayo.
Kunconywa ukuba uthathe imilinganiselo emininzi kwaye ulungelelanise umlinganiselo wesikali kwi-monitor ye-serial ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezizinzileyo.
Iinkqubo zesampula zesikali sedijithali kunye ne-HX711 kunye ne-Arduino
Umzekelo olula obonisa ubunzima kwimonitha yothotho iya kuba:
#bandakanya "HX711.h" #define CALIBRATION 20780.0 // Faka endaweni ngexabiso lakho byte pinData = 3; byte pinClk = 2; ibhalansi ye-HX711; umiselo olungenanto () { Uthotho. qala (9600); ibhalansi.qala(pinData, pinClk); balance.set_scale(CALIBRATION); balance.tare(); } iluphu engenanto () { Uthotho.print("Ubunzima bangoku: "); Uthotho.print(balance.get_units(10), 1); Uthotho.println("kg"); ukulibaziseka (500); }
Inkqubo inokuphuculwa ngokongeza umboniso we-LCD, amaqhosha, okanye ukugcina isikali kwi-EEPROM yokulinganisa okukhawulezayo nokuchanekileyo, ukufumana amava ochwepheshe.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo
1. Ukwahluka kwimibala yocingo: Jonga imidibaniso usebenzisa i-database okanye ngomlinganiselo wokuchasa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isibini esinokumelana okuphezulu sihambelana nokuvuselela (+/-).
2. Ufundo olungangqinelaniyo: Tshintsha i-A+ kunye ne-A- isiphumo sikhokelela ukuba imilinganiselo ibonakala iguqulwe okanye iphosakele.
3. Uzinzo koomatshini: Qinisekisa ukuba ukhusele iseli ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kuphela inxalenye ephakathi yesakhiwo esixhasa ubunzima ukuphepha iimpazamo.
4. Ingxolo kunye nokuphazamiseka: Sebenzisa iintambo ezimfutshane, ezikhuselweyo ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye ususe isixokelelwano kude nemithombo yengxolo yombane.
5. Ukwahluka kobushushu: Iigeyiji zinovakalelo kwiinguqu ze-thermal; ukuba kunokwenzeka, yenza ii-calibrations phantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo okanye usebenzise iiseli ezine-4 gauges.
Ukwandiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwesistim
Ngenkqubo yakho yokusebenza, unokongeza iimpawu:
- Bonisa ubunzima kwiscreen seLCD.
- Misela izilumkiso zobunzima bobunzima.
- Yiqhagamshele kwilifu nge-ESP8266/ESP32 yokubeka iliso kude.
- Yisebenzise kuvavanyo, umlinganiselo wesithako, ukuzenzela, ukuzenzela ekhaya, njl.
Udibaniso lwe-HX711 luququzelela iiprojekthi zemfundo, ulawulo lwe-inventri, izikali zorhwebo, ulawulo lwe-cylinder yegesi, kunye neengcamango ezininzi zokuyila.
