Sihlala singqongwe yimitha yombane yombane: ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga ukuya kwiimpawu zikanomathotholo, iWi-Fi, kunye nombane wasekhaya. Nangona ingabonakali, ubukho bayo buhlala buhleli, kwaye ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kusichaphazela njani. ubude bobude kunye nobuninzi Babeka amandla ayo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, indlela enokunxibelelana ngayo nomzimba wethu.
Inzululwazi ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba, kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo okusingqongileyo, umngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ophambili phakathi kwemitha ekwazi ukwenza i-ionizing into (enje I-X-reyi kunye ne-gamma rayAbo bangenayo (ii-radio frequencies, i-infrared, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, njl.) nazo zibalulekile. Ubunzulu kunye nexesha lokuvezwa libalulekile, ke ukuqonda ezi ziguquguqukayo kusinceda ukuba sahlule phakathi koloyiko olungenasiseko kunye nenyani. izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo.
Ubude bamaza, amaza kunye namandla: imithetho yomdlalo
Amaza ombane anokuchazwa ngamaza abo Ubude bamaza, ukuphindaphinda kwayo, okanye amandla ayoEzi parameters zintathu zixhunyiwe: i-frequency ephezulu ihambelana nobude obufutshane; kwaye amandla efoton nganye ayanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Obu budlelwane buchaza ukuba kutheni ingeyiyo yonke imimandla yespectrum echaphazela iinkqubo zebhayoloji ngokulinganayo.
Eminye imizekelo inceda ukucacisa izimvo: isikhululo sikanomathotholo sokumodareyitha iamplitude kuluhlu lwe-1 MHz lunobude obumalunga 300 mithaIoveni yemicrowave isebenza malunga ne-2,45 GHz, kwaye ubude bayo bumalunga neesentimitha ezili-12. Lo mahluko kubungakanani be-wave uguqulela kumandla ahlukeneyo ngefoton nganye kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ungene iindlela zokusebenzisana eyahlukileyo ngamalaphu.
Kwirediyo kunye nee-microwaves, iindawo zombane kunye nemagnethi zenza i-electromagnetic wave. Kolu luhlu, amandla entsimi adla ngokubonakaliswa njenge Uxinaniso lwamandla (W/m²)Iifrikhwensi eziphantsi kunye eziphezulu azenzi ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni: ngaphezulu malunga ne-1 MHz umphumo we-thermal uhamba phambili; ngezantsi, ukuqaliswa kwe iintlawulo zombane kunye nemisinga ithatha indawo esembindini.
Apho zivela khona: imithombo yendalo kunye neyokwenziwa
Ngokwendalo, izaqhwithi zivelisa amasimi ombane njengoko iintlawulo ziqokelelana emoyeni, kwaye Imagnethi yomhlaba Ikhokela iikhampasi, iintaka ezifudukayo, kunye neentlanzi ezithile. Ezi ziganeko zibonisa ukuba imimandla ye-electromagnetic iyinxalenye yokusingqongileyo nangaphandle kokungenelela komntu.
Phakathi kwemithombo eyenziwe ngumntu kukho yonke into: umbane okwindawo yokuphuma umbane udala amasimi aphantsi-frequency; X-reyi Bavumela ukuxilongwa kweefractures; kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza ulwazi ngerediyo yerediyo, umabonakude okanye izikhululo zesiseko sefowuni ephathwayo kunye nezixhobo ezifana Abafundi beRFIDKwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-RF spectrum, i microwave Zisetyenziselwa ukupheka, njengoko zifudumeza ukutya ngokukhawuleza.
Ionizing kunye ne-non-ionizing: umda omkhulu
Umahluko obalulekileyo kukukwazi ukwenza ionize. Ukugqithiswa kwemitha yemitha ephezulu kakhulu-enje imitha ye-gamma kunye ne-X-reyi-banamandla aneleyo okuqhawula amabhondi ekhemikhali kwiimolekyuli kunye neeathom, ezivelisa ii-ion. Oku kungonakalisa i-DNA kunye namanye amacandelo eselula. Nangona kunjalo, xa zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, zinezicelo zonyango ezingenakuphikiswa: I-X-reyi yokuxilongwa okanye imitha ye-gamma yonyango lwethumba. Ngokwemiqathango yokhuseleko, i iifaskoti zokukhokela Bathomalalisa uninzi lwemitha esasazekileyo kwiradiology, kunye nemitha ye-gamma, imiqobo yelothe, ikhonkrithi okanye imizimba yamanzi iyasetyenziswa, esebenzayo ekuqulatheni amandla ayo aphezulu.
Inxalenye ye-non-ionizing ye-spectrum ibandakanya ultraviolet (Ubukhulu becala), ukukhanya okubonakalayo, i-infrared, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, kunye neefrikhwensi ezisezantsi kakhulu, kunye neendawo ezimile. Akukho nanye kwezi zibophelelo eziqhekezayo kunye neefotoni, kodwa zinokuvelisa ezinye iziphumo: ukufudumeza, ukuguqulwa kwe amazinga reaction okanye ukufakwa kwemisinga yombane kwiithishu.
Isiphelo esiphezulu semitha ye-non-ionizing akufanele sijongelwe phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, imitha yelanga yeUV inokubangela ukutshisa kunye nomngcipheko wokwanda komhlaza wolusuUkukhanya okugqithisileyo okubonakalayo kungonakalisa iretina, kwaye ukubonakaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwimitha ye-infrared kunokubangela ukutshisa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-ambient angaphantsi kwe-thermal thresholds, ngoko ke amandla abo omonakalo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo awanamsebenzi. lilinganiselwe kakhulu.
Imimandla yombane kunye nemagnethi: yintoni na kwaye zeziphi iifrikhwensi ezihambayo
Los amasimi ombane Ziyavela xa kukho amandla ombane, nokuba akukho msinga uhambayo. Yiyo loo nto intambo eplagiweyo enesixhobo esicinyiweyo inokuvelisa indawo yombane kwindawo eyingqongileyo. Okuchasene, iindawo zemagneti Zibonakala kuphela xa i-current iqukuqela, kwaye ukuqina kwabo kunyuka ngokunyuka kwaloo mjelo.
Ngokwenyani, amabala ombane ajikeleze isixhobo ayanyamalala xa sikhutshiwe. Nangona kunjalo, i-wiring ehlaziyiweyo etyisa indawo yokuphuma inokugcina intsimi ngelixa isenziwa amandla. Kwakhona, iinkcukacha eziphambili kukuba ingaba kukho okanye akukho ntsimi ekhoyo. i-voltage okanye yangoku nobukhulu bayo.
Ngokumalunga noluhlu, sithetha ngamaza aphantsi kakhulu (FEB/ELF) ukuya kutsho malunga ne-300 Hz; i-intermediate frequencies (IF), ukusuka kwi-300 Hz ukuya kwi-10 MHz; kwaye amaza erediyo (RF)Ukusuka kwi-10 MHz ukuya kwi-300 GHz. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, igridi yombane kunye nezixhobo zendlu zilawula kwi-ELF; izikrini ezindala, iinkqubo zokulwa nobusela okanye izixhobo ezithile zokhuseleko zisebenza kwi-IF; kunye nerediyo, iTV, irada, iiselfowuni kunye nee-oveni zemicrowave zikwiRF.
Ukuhanjiswa kombane kwenzeka kwi-voltage ephezulu kwaye amaxabiso ayo azinzile, ngelixa langoku-kwaye ke intsimi yemagnethi ehambelana nayo-yahluka ngokusetyenziswa. Ekhaya, ii-voltages zisezantsi kwaye amasimi ngokubanzi nawo aphantsi, ahlala engaphantsi kwezo zenkqubo yombane ophezulu. imibundu yokuvuselela yemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu.
Indlela ezidibana ngayo nezinto eziphilayo
Umzimba womntu usebenza usebenzisa umbane: intliziyo ibetha ngamandla ombane abonakalayo a electrocardiogramIiNeurons zinxibelelana zisebenzisa imiqondiso ye-bioelectrical, kwaye iinkqubo ezininzi zemetabolism zisusa iintlawulo. Nangona kungekho mimandla yangaphandle, imisinga yemizuzu ijikeleza ngokwemvelo.
Xa a indawo yombane Ukusasazeka kwemitha yezansi ezisezantsi okusichaphazelayo kunokusasaza ngokutsha iintlawulo kumphezulu wolusu kwaye kuvelise imisinga ehamba emhlabeni. Ubungakanani bale misinga ebangelwa buxhomekeke kubukhulu bendawo yangaphandle, kodwa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusingqongileyo, zihlala zingaphantsi kwamanqanaba anokuthi abangele [umonakalo / ubunzima]. ukuphazamiseka kombane eqondakalayo.
Los iindawo zemagneti Amaza asezantsi-frequency abangela ukujikeleza kwemisinga ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ukuba ezi zomelele ngokwaneleyo, zazinokuvuselela imithambo-luvo okanye izihlunu. Nangona kunjalo, naphantsi ngokuthe ngqo kwintambo yombane we-voltage ephezulu, imisinga eyenziweyo ikholisa ukuba minuscule xa ithelekiswa imibundu yokuvuselela zisekwe zizikhokelo.
Kunyango lwe-radiofrequency, isiphumo esiphambili yi UkufudumezaUkuqala malunga ne-1 MHz, amaza eRF asusa ii-ion kunye neemolekyuli zamanzi, zivelisa ubushushu. Kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu, umzimba uchitha la mandla ngaphandle komcimbi. Ngezantsi malunga ne-1 MHz, isiphumo esibalaseleyo kukufakwa kweentlawulo kunye nemisinga. Kuzo zombini iimeko, izikhokelo zokuvezwa ziye zachazwa ukuphepha zombini ukuvuselela umbane kunye ... iqondo lobushushu ebalulekileyo.
Kwimimandla emileyo, iindawo zombane azikwazi ukungena kwaye umphumo wazo oqhelekileyo kukuma kweenwele ngenxa yentlawulo yomphezulu, ngaphandle kweempembelelo zempilo ezingaphaya kokwenzeka. i-ascargasIimagnethi ezimileyo zidlula emzimbeni phantse akukho kuncitshiswa; kumandla aphezulu kakhulu anokuguqula ukuhamba kwegazi okanye ukuphazamisa i-nerve impulses, kodwa la manqanaba awadibananga kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina obumalunga nokuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-static kwezinye iimeko zokusebenza kuhlala kungacacanga. lilinganiselwe.
Iifowuni eziphathwayo, i-WiFi kunye nee-antenna: buthini ubungqina
Iifowuni eziphathwayo ziqhagamshela kwizitishi ezisisiseko zisebenzisa iRF. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza phakathi kwe-450 kunye ne-2700 MHz kunye namanqanaba aphezulu ombane ukuya kuthi ga I-watts ezingama-2Ziyasasaza xa zilayitiwe kwaye zisebenza, kwaye ukuvezwa komsebenzisi kwehla kakhulu ngokunyuka komgama. Ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukubrawuza, okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingenazandla kunciphisa kakhulu isignali efunxayo; nokuba ukugubungela kakuhle Oku kubangela ukuba i-terminal ikhuphe ngamandla amancinci.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiziphumo ezikhawulezileyo, kwii-frequencies zefowuni ephathwayo uninzi lwamandla lufunxwa lusu kunye nezicubu ezingaphezulu, ngoko ke nakuphi na ukonyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ebuchotsheni okanye kumalungu anzulu akunamsebenzi. Izifundo malunga nokusebenza kombane kwengqondo, ukuqonda, ukulala, ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi Abafumananga umonakalo ohambelanayo kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-thermal thresholds.
Iimpawu ezinjengeentloko ezibuhlungu, ukuphuthelwa, okanye ukucaphuka ziye zaxelwa phantsi kwesambulela saloo nto kuthiwa. i-electromagnetic hypersensitivityNangona kunjalo, uphando alukwazanga ukuseka ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi koku kuphazamiseka kunye nokuvezwa kwimimandla kumanqanaba angaphantsi kwemida yokhuseleko.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko yexesha elide, i-epidemiology igxile kumathumba obuchopho. Ukusukela oko uninzi lomhlaza luthatha iminyaka ukuphuhla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwefowuni eselfowuni kuye kwasasazeka ngeminyaka yoo-90, izifundo kuye kwafuneka zisebenze ngaphakathi kwamaxesha amisiweyo. Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana kunye nophononongo olukhoyo lweqela alibonisanga ukonyuka okucacileyo ukwenzeka kwethumba ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ixesha elide kwiRF phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo.
Uphononongo olukhulu lwe-INTERPHONE, olunedatha evela kumazwe angama-13, alufumananga mngcipheko wokonyuka i-glioma okanye i-meningioma Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yokusetyenziswa, nangona ifumene iziphumo ezingafaniyo kumaqela amancinci asetyenziswa kakhulu, i-Arhente yeZizwe ngezizwe yoPhando lweCancer yachaza izixhobo ze-radiofrequency (RF) "njenge-carcinogenic" ebantwini (iQela 2B). Olu didi lubonisa ukuba umbutho awunakukhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukwavumela iinkcazo ngenxa yamathuba, utyekelo, okanye ukubhidanisa. Olu lwahlulo lomeleza imfuno yophando olongezelelweyo, ngakumbi kwi inani labantwana nolutsha.
Ngeli xesha, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ubukhulu: kwiindawo zehlabathi zokwenyani, ukuvezwa kweempawu zeWiFi kunye neempawu ezivela kwii-eriyali okanye izixhobo eziphathwayo zihlala ziphakathi. I-10.000 kunye ne-100.000 amaxesha ngaphantsi kwemida yamazwe ngamazwe. Kula manqanaba, ukuba nokwenzeka kweziphumo zempilo ezifanelekileyo kuphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo echaza ukuba kutheni abasemagunyeni bezempilo bengacebisi izithintelo ezingaqhelekanga kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla.
Imida yokuvezwa kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo
Ukukhusela abemi kunye nabasebenzi, kukho izikhokelo zamazwe ngamazwe ezisekelwe kubungqina, ezifana nezo ze I-ICNIRP (IKomishoni yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoKhuseleko lweMitha eNgayiyoni). Le mida ichaza imida yombane oguquguqukayo kunye nemagnethi ukusuka kwi-1 Hz ukuya kwi-100 kHz, kunye neefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300 GHz, kunye nemitha yokukhanya (UV, ebonakalayo kunye ne-infraredAmazwe kunye nabalawuli bamkela ezi zikhokelo kwimimiselo yabo, kunye nemida yokhuseleko olubanzi.
Kwisiphelo se-ionizing, ukhuseleko lulawulwa ngeeprothokholi ezingqongqo: ii-radiologists kunye nee-oncologists zihlengahlengisa iidosi kwi-X-reyi, i-CT scans, okanye i-radiotherapy ukwandisa inzuzo kunye nokunciphisa ingozi. Kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuzikhusela. imiqobo kunye namakhaka olufanelekileyo kuhlobo lwemitha, evumela ukuba ezi zixhobo zonyango zisetyenziswe ngemigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko.
Kwinkalo ye-non-ionizing, iimetrics ezifana ne SAR (Isantya sokufunxa esikhethekileyo) kwizixhobo ezikufutshane nomzimba, kunye nokuxinana kwamandla kokusingqongileyo. Imilinganiselo ezikolweni, emakhaya, nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke zibonisa amanqanaba angaphantsi kwemilinganiselo. Ngaphaya koko, uphando luyaqhubeka nokwandisa iindlela zokuvavanya ukutyhileka komntu siqu, kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kweemitha ezinxitywayo kwizifundo zabemi. bonakalisa ukuguquguquka yendawo kunye neyexeshana.
Izilumkiso ezinengqiqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla
Inkxalabo kawonke-wonke ihamba kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha: iintambo zombane, oomabonakude, irada, iiselfowuni… Namhlanje siyazi ukuba, kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo okusingqongileyo, imimandla yombane ayibeki bungozi bucacileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, kusengqiqweni ukwamkela imikhwa elula ethi, ngaphandle komgudu, inciphise ukuchanabeka. intetho yobuqu.
- Nciphisa inani kunye nenani kangangoko ixesha lomnxeba.
- Ukubeka phambili miyalezo okanye i-hands-free ngokuchasene nokubamba ifowuni entloko.
- Kuphephe ukuphatha ifowuni yakho ephathwayo ezipokothweni zakho, ngakumbi kufutshane isini.
- Sebenzisa isithethi okanye i-headphones nge ityhubhu yomoya xa kunokwenzeka.
- Cima ifowuni yakho ebusuku; okufanayo kuya kwi Umzila weWiFikwaye kungcono ukuba ungayifaki kwigumbi lokulala.
- Nanini na kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa ifowuni yakho kwiindawo nge ukugubungela kakuhle ukuze ikhuphe kumandla asezantsi.
La manyathelo athatha inzuzo yepropathi esisiseko yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo: amandla othumelo lwetheminali ayancipha xa isignali yenethiwekhi yomelele kwaye iyanda xa ibuthathaka. Ngohlengahlengiso oluncinci kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla, singakwazi, ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza, sizibeke kude ngakumbi ... imida yokhuseleko esekwe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kobude, ukuphindaphinda, kunye namandla kuchaza ukuba kutheni i-electromagnetic spectrum ineziphumo ezohlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizibonelelo zonyango kwezamayeza ukuya kwimingcipheko enokubakho ukuba imida igqithisiwe. izikhokelo zomboniso Xa kujongwa imigaqo ekhoyo ngoku, kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kwiRF kunye nemimandla yothungelwano ingaphantsi kakhulu komqobo, imeko yemihla ngemihla ibonakalisa inkxalabo encinci yezempilo. Ukuqonda imithombo, ukwazi indlela abasebenzisana ngayo nomzimba, kunye nokusebenzisa amanyathelo alula okhuseleko kusenza ukuba siphile nale "suphu" yemitha ngendlela enolwazi. ngoxolo.
