Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka njani ukubona ubushushu obukhutshwa zizinto okanye ukuchonga iingxaki ezifihlakeleyo kwikhaya okanye inkqubo yombane ngaphandle kokuvula iindonga okanye ukuqhawula nantoni na? I-Microbolometers iyisitshixo sezobuchwepheshe esenza ukuba oku kwenzeke, ukuba ngabadlali benene beekhamera ze-thermal kunye nezixhobo ze-thermography ezifikeleleke ngoku kumacandelo amaninzi, ukusuka kwishishini ukuya kukhuseleko kunye neyeza.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuntywila nzulu kwihlabathi le-microbolometer: yintoni kanye kanye, isebenza njani, zeziphi iingenelo zayo xa zithelekiswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe, kweziphi izicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kutheni itshintshe indlela esihlalutya ngayo imo engabonakaliyo kwiliso lomntu. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda isayensi emva kwe-imaging ye-thermal, iimfihlo zobugcisa ze-infrared sensors, kwaye ufumene ukusetyenziswa okuninzi esele kuguqule amashishini kunye neendawo zemihla ngemihla, qhubeka ufunda kuba siya kukuxelela yonke into ngethoni enobungane kwaye ngaphandle kwejargon yobugcisa obungeyomfuneko.
Yintoni i-microbolometer kwaye yintoni eyenza ibe yinto ekhethekileyo?
I-microbolometer luhlobo oluphezulu lwenzwa ye-thermal esetyenziswa ngokuyinhloko kwiikhamera ze-thermal kunye ne-infrared. Ngokusisiseko, sisichongi semitha ye-infrared, esiqhele ukuba novelwano kumaza amaza phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-14 yeemicrometers (µm), ibhendi engaphakathi kwispectrum ye-electromagnetic eyaziwa njenge-thermal infrared. Into yabo ephambili kukuba, ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-detectors zendabuko, i-microbolometers ayifuni iinkqubo zokupholisa, ezenza lula ukusebenza kwazo, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwandisa ukuthwala kwazo.
Ulwakhiwo lwe-microbolometer lubandakanya uluhlu lweepikseli, nganye kuzo i-heat-sensitive. Xa imitha ye-infrared evela kwinto ibetha umphezulu woluvo, Izinto ezifunxayo ze-microbolometer zitshisa njengoko ukushisa okufunyenweyo, ukuvelisa utshintsho ekuchaseni umbaneOlu tshintsho luyalinganiswa kwaye luguqulwe lube ngumqondiso wombane, othi emva koko uqhutywe ukuvelisa umfanekiso we-thermal obonakalayo kwisikrini.
Ngombulelo kumandla abo okusebenza kwindawo yobushushu begumbi, i-microbolometers idemokhrasi yokusetyenziswa kwethermografi, iyandisa kuluntu, kushishino, kulwakhiwo, kunye namacandelo okhuseleko angaphaya kokusetyenziswa kwawo komkhosi kunye nesayensi.
Isebenza njani i-microbolometer ngaphakathi kwekhamera yokujonga i-thermal?
Intliziyo yekhamera ye-thermal yi-microbolometer, kodwa yonke inkqubo ye-imaging ye-thermal ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi abalulekileyo. Masiziqhawule:
- Ilensi ye-infrared ekhethekileyo: Ilensi yekhamera yomfanekiso oshushu kufuneka ivumele imitha ye-infrared ukuba idlule. Ayinakwenziwa ngeglasi eqhelekileyo, njengoko le nto iyivimba. Ke ngoko, iimathiriyeli ezifana negermanium, zinc selenide, calcium fluoride, okanye isafire ziyasetyenziswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusasazeka kwemitha phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-14 µm ifikelela kwisivamvo.
- Uluvo lwe-thermal (microbolometer): Imitha ye-infrared idlula kwilensi kwaye ifikelele kuluhlu lwe-microbolometer, eyenziwe ngamawaka eepikseli. Ipixel nganye iphendula ngokuzimeleyo: ubushushu obufunnyiweyo buguqula ukuxhathisa kombane kwaye buvelise umqondiso omncinci wombane ngokulingana nobushushu obufunyenwe kuloo ndawo.
- Ukuqhubekeka koMqondiso: Ikhamera iqokelela yonke le miqondiso yombane kwi-pixel nganye kwaye, isebenzisa ii-algorithms zemathematika kunye neetafile zemibala echazwe kwangaphambili, iziguqule zibe ngumfanekiso oshushu. Ngele ndlela, Umbala ngamnye okanye ubunzulu bomfanekiso bumele ubushushu obahlukileyo, okubangela ukuba kucace kakhulu kwaye kulula ukutolika imifanekiso.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-microbolometers kukuba inokusebenza kwiqondo lokushisa, ngaphandle kweendlela zokupholisa okanye iinxalenye ezihambayo, okwenza kube lula, ukudibanisa, kunye nokuqina. Olu ibe luguquko lokwenyani xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokupholisa ze-infrared ezindala, ezifuna iinkqubo zokupholisa ezibizayo nezibuthathaka.
Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa ze-microbolometer
I-microbolometer isekelwe kwimigaqo yomzimba kunye neempawu zobugcisa ezimisela ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa:
- Ubuzaza beSpectral: Bagubungela ubukhulu becala kuluhlu lwe-8 ukuya kwi-14 µm, kulapho uninzi lwemitha ye-thermal evela kwimizimba esemhlabeni uveliswa khona.
- Imatrix yePixel: Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngoluhlu olusuka kwi-80x80 ukuya kwi-640x480 pixels okanye ngaphezulu. Okukhona iipikseli ezininzi, kokukhona kuphezulu ukusonjululwa komfanekiso we-thermal.
- Izixhobo: Iinzwa zingenziwa ngee-oxide zetsimbi, i-silicon ye-amorphous, okanye izinto ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-VOx (vanadium oxide) okanye i-Si: IR (i-silicon ye-infrared-doped), ekhethiweyo ngenxa ye-sensitivity ephezulu kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal.
- Ixesha lokuphendula: Bayakwazi ukubona ukuguquguquka okuncinci kakhulu kunye nokukhawuleza kobushushu, okubenza babe luncedo kwizicelo eziguqukayo.
Isisombululo se-thermal, uvakalelo kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiso ziimpawu eziza kuxhomekeka kuzo zombini i-microbolometer kunye ne-electronic processing elandelayo.
I-Microbolometer-based based imaging systems: isakhiwo kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi
Ikhamera epheleleyo ye-thermal ayihlanganisi kuphela i-microbolometer, kodwa kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili. Nantsi indlela abasebenza ngayo kunye:
- Iilensi ezikhethekileyo kunye ne-optics: Baqokelela imisebe ye-infrared kwaye bayigxininise kwinzwa.
- I-Microbolometer: ibamba i-radiation kwaye iyiguqule ibe yinguqu ekuxhathiseni umbane.
- Iprosesa yoMqondiso: iguqula olu tshintsho lube yimiqondiso yedijithali kwaye luyitolike ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms eguqulela ubushushu kumbala okanye i-grayscale.
- Isikrini kunye nenkqubo yokubonisa: ibonisa umfanekiso osisiphumo, nokuba kungesikhangeli, isikrini seLCD okanye nakwixesha lokwenyani kwizixhobo zangaphandle.
Uyilo oludityanisiweyo lwezi nkqubo luvumela umfanekiso ocacileyo womahluko wobushushu, oyimfuneko kubuninzi bezicelo zobugcisa nezesayensi.
Kutheni le nto i-microbolometers ithathe indawo ye-detectors endala epholileyo?
Kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, itekhnoloji yokucinga nge-thermal yayintsonkothile kwaye ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sokupholisa izinzwa ze-infrared usebenzisa i-cryocoolers okanye ezinye izixhobo ezinkulu. I-Microbolometers itshintshe kakhulu le panorama. ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kumagumbi angapholisiswanga, nto leyo ephumela ekubeni:
- Ixabiso eliphantsi: Ngokuphelisa iinkqubo zokupholisa, ukwenziwa nokugcinwa kwazo kufikeleleka kakhulu.
- Ukuphatheka okukhulu kunye nokulula: Zincinci, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye azifuni nxalenye zishukumayo, ngoko ke zime kakuhle ukuze ziqhubeke zisetyenziswa.
- Ukusetyenziswa okucuthiweyo: Ziyakwazi ukunikwa amandla ngeebhetri eziqhelekileyo kwaye zisebenze ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshisa okanye ukulahlekelwa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukufikeleleka: Ukuthandwa kwayo kuye kwavumela i-thermografi ukuba ihambe ngaphaya kwemikhosi yezomkhosi kunye nenzululwazi ukufikelela kwishishini, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokhuseleko lwendawo yokuhlala.
Nangona i-sensors ezipholileyo zisasebenza ngaphezu kwe-microbolometers ngovakalelo olugqithisileyo kunye noluhlu lwezicelo ezikhethekileyo, i-99% yeemfuno zezoshishino kunye nezoluntu sele zingaphezu kokuhlangabezana ne-microbolometric sensors namhlanje.
Ziziphi ezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-microbolometers?
Ukuguquguquka kwe-microbolometer kuyamangalisa: kunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi. Ezi zezona zicelo zifanelekileyo, ezihlanganiswe kumava kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo ezibalaseleyo kwiwebhu:
Ishishini kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili
Iikhamera ze-Microbolometer-based thermal imaging cameras ziye zaguqula ukugcinwa kwemizi-mveliso. Enkosi ngokukwazi kwayo ukubona iindawo ezishushu koomatshini, amacandelo ombane, iimoto kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza, ziququzelela ukuchongwa kweziphene ngaphambi kokuba zibe zintlupheko ezinzulu, ezivumela indawo:
- Ukufudumala okungaqhelekanga kwiipaneli zombane kunye neepaneli zokulawula.
- Ukukhuhlana kwiinjini kunye noomatshini bombane, iimpawu zokuguga okanye ukuthambisa kakubi.
- Ukungalingani okanye ukulayisha ngaphezulu kwiisekethe zombane.
- Unxibelelwano olungalunganga okanye olwenziwe kakuhle.
- Ukufakela okungalunganga kwi-air conditioning okanye kwisixhobo sokukhenkceza.
- Ukuvuza okanye imiqobo kwimibhobho.
- Amanqaku abalulekileyo kwiitanki zekhemikhali kunye nee-reactors.
- Ukuthintela imililo kunye nomonakalo onokuthi ubekho.
Ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nesiqinisekiso
Ekwakhiweni, i-microbolometer sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya amandla okusebenza kwezakhiwo kunye nokufumanisa iingxaki ezingenakukwazi ukuzibona ngeso lenyama. Enkosi kuyo, unga:
- Khangela ukuvuza kobushushu kwiindonga, iisilingi kunye neefestile.
- Khangela ukufuma, ukuvuza kunye neebhulorho ezishushu.
- Chonga ukugquma okunesiphene okanye okungekho.
- Lawula ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Microbolometer kukhawuleza, kungabonakali, kwaye kubonwa kakhulu, ukuququzelela ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokonga amandla.
Ukhuseleko, ukuhlangulwa kunye nokubekwa kweliso
Iikhamera ze-Thermal ezixhotyiswe nge-microbolometers ziguqule iinkqubo zokhuseleko. Ngoku kunokwenzeka:
- Beka iliso kwiiperimitha, nokuba kubumnyama obupheleleyo, ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukubona ubushushu babantu okanye izilwanyana.
- Jonga ngenkungu, umsi, okanye uhlaza olulula.
- Chonga abangeneleli, i-stowaways, okanye izilwanyana ezihlaselayo kwipropati okanye kwizakhiwo.
- Ukufunyanwa komlilo kwangethuba ngohlalutyo lokutshintsha kobushushu bexesha langempela.
- Ukukhangela abantu ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuhlangula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana neenyikima okanye ii-avalanche.
Ezi mpawu zenza i-microbolometer ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zokucupha iividiyo zanamhlanje, zombini ezisisigxina kunye neselula.
Amayeza, amayeza ezilwanyana kunye nokubeka iliso kwibhayoloji
Kwiinkalo zonyango kunye nezilwanyana, i-infrared thermography ene-microbolometers isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iipateni zokushisa emzimbeni. Izicelo zayo ziquka:
- Ukufumanisa ukulimala kwangaphakathi ngokutshintshwa kokujikeleza okanye ukuvuvukala.
- Ukuchongwa kwangoko kosulelo okanye umkhuhlane ebantwini nakwizilwanyana.
- Ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwegazi kunye nokuphiliswa kwenxeba.
- Ukujongwa okude ngaphandle kokunxibelelana kwimeko yobhubhane okanye ubhubhane.
Olu hlalutyo olungenasiphelo luvumela ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa ingozi kwizigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Izicelo ngokubanzi kunye nezivelayo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-microbolometer iyaqhubeka nokwandisa, iquka iindawo ezintsha ezifana nokubeka iliso kwigridi yamandla, ukuhlolwa kweesekethe ze-elektroniki, ukubeka iliso kweziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-ecosystem. Itekhnoloji iqhelana neemfuno zecandelo, kwaye njengoko iindleko zincipha, kulindeleke ukuba zixhaphake ngakumbi kwiisetingi zasekhaya nakwimihla ngemihla.
Ikamva le-microbolometers lijolise ekunyuseni isisombululo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokuphucula uvakalelo, ukuququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kwizixhobo ezincinci ezikhulayo kunye nezicelo ze-intelligence real-time.
Ndiyabulela kwi-microbolometers, ihlabathi "elingabonakaliyo" lobushushu liye labonakala kwaye liluncedo kumntu wonke. Ezi zivamvo azisanqabile kwiilebhu zomkhosi okanye zesayensi kwaye ngoku ziyafumaneka kumashishini amakhulu, ulwakhiwo, ukhuseleko, kunye neengcali zonyango, nakubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo abafuna ukuthintela imingcipheko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, okanye ukulindela ukophuka. Ukuba ujonge ukuqonda kunye nokubopha amandla okucinga okushushu, i-microbolometer sisitshixo setekhnoloji etshintsha indlela esibona ngayo ubunyani.
