Amandla asebenzayo luluvo olusisiseko kuthungelwano lombane oluhlala lungaqatshelwa, kodwa lunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla kunye nebhili yombane yeenkampani ezininzi. Nangona amandla asebenzayo engaguqulwa abe ngumsebenzi oluncedo, ulawulo lwayo oluchanekileyo lubalulekile ukuphepha iindleko ezongezelelweyo kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi yombane.
Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa ukuba yintoni amandla asebenzayo, alinganiswa njani, yintoni umphumo onalo kufakelo lombane kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukunqanda iingxaki ezizibangelayo. Ukongeza, siza kuphonononga iikhonsepthi ezinxulumeneyo ezifana ne-power factor, inductive kunye ne-capacitive reactive power, kwaye sinike imizekelo ebonakalayo yendlela yokunciphisa impembelelo yamandla asebenzayo kwigridi yakho yombane. Masiye apho!
Yintoni amandla asebenzayo?
La amandla asebenzayo Yenye yeendlela zamandla ezijikeleza kuthungelwano lombane kodwa zingatshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo zibe ngumsebenzi oluncedo, njengoko umbane usenza. amandla asebenzayo. Esikhundleni sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, amandla asebenzayo ajikeleza phakathi komthombo kunye nemithwalo ngenxa yeempembelelo zeekhoyili kunye ne-capacitors kwizixhobo zombane. Olu hlobo lwamandla luyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo ezifana neemoto, ii-transformers okanye izixhobo zokukhanyisa.
Kwisekethe yangoku (AC) etshintshanayo, amandla asebenzayo aveliswa ngenxa yomahluko wesigaba phakathi kombane kunye nombane. Ngokufanelekileyo, i-voltage kunye ne-current kufuneka ibe kwisigaba, esiya kuvumela onke amandla okujikeleza ukuba asebenze kwaye asebenzise ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobume bezixhobo ezininzi, amaza akhoyo kunye ne-voltage aphumile kwinqanaba, ngaloo ndlela evelisa amandla asebenzayo.
Iyunithi yomlinganiselo wamandla asebenzayo yi-volt ampere reactive (VAr), kwaye la mandla anokubalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula:
Amandla asebenzayo (Q) = V * I * sinϕ, apho i-ϕ i-engile yesigaba phakathi kombane kunye nangoku.
Umahluko phakathi kwamandla asebenzayo kunye asebenzayo
La amandla asebenzayo Yinto edliwayo kwaye yenza umsebenzi oluncedo, umzekelo, ukusebenza komatshini okanye ukukhanyiswa kwebhalbhu yokukhanya. Ilinganiswa ngee-watts (W) kwaye ngamandla esiwasebenzisa ngokwenene kwaye oko kubonakaliswa kwityala lethu lombane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla asebenzayo awavelisi umsebenzi oluncedo, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezithile zombane. Nangona ingasetyenziswanga ngokuthe ngqo, inempembelelo kwinkqubo yombane, njengoko ithatha indawo kuthungelwano lothutho kwaye ichaphazela amandla okuthutha amandla asebenzayo.
Omabini amagunya anxulumene ne amandla abonakalayo, eyindibaniselwano yamandla asebenzayo kunye asebenzayo. Esi sisixa se-vector yazo zombini kwaye ilinganiswa nge-volt ampere (VA). Ifomula ehambelana nazo yile:
(Amandla abonakalayo)² = (Amandla asebenzayo)² + (Amandla asebenzayo)²
Lo nxantathu wamandla usivumela ukuba siqonde indlela yokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kombane: okukhona usezantsi amandla asebenzayo, inkulu inxalenye yamandla asebenzayo asebenzayo esinokuwasebenzisa.
Amandla factor kunye cosine phi
El into yamandla, ekwaziwa njenge cosine phi (cos φ), ngumlinganiselo phakathi kwamandla asebenzayo kunye namandla abonakalayo. Umba wamandla ubonisa indlela olusebenza ngayo ukufakela usebenzisa igridi yombane. Ukuba umbane we-1, i-voltage kunye ne-current ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo, kwaye akukho mandla asebenzayo. Enyanisweni, eli xabiso lihlala liphantsi, njenge-0,85 okanye i-0,9, kuxhomekeke kufakelo.
Ukuba cosine phi ingaphantsi kwe-0,85, kunokubakho iingxaki ezigqithisileyo, ukuhla kwamandla ombane kunye nelahleko eyongezelelweyo ekuhanjisweni kombane, okuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwamandla. Kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, abaqhubi benethiwekhi bayanyanzelisa Izohlwayo kubathengi abakhulu abanamandla aphantsi.
Iintlobo zamandla asebenzayo
Amandla asebenzayo anokwahlulwa abe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
- Amandla asebenzayo asebenzayo: Iveliswa kwizixhobo ezenza amasimi ombane, anje ngeenjini zombane, iziguquli, kunye nozibuthe. Kule meko, i-lags yangoku emva kombane.
- Amandla asebenzayo anamandla: Iveliswa kumacandelo afana ne-capacitors kunye nezinye iintlobo zokukhanyisa zanamhlanje (iityhubhu ze-fluorescent kunye nezibane ze-LED). Apha, okwangoku kukhokelela kwi-voltage.
Ukugcina i into yamandla Kumanqanaba afanelekileyo, amaziko amaninzi emizi-mveliso ayasebenza iibhetri capacitor, ehlawulela ukutshintshwa kwesigaba esibangelwa yi-inductive reactive power.
Impembelelo yamandla asebenzayo kumatyala ombane
Esinye seziphumo ezithe ngqo zokuba namandla aphantsi kunye namandla amaninzi asebenzayo kufakelo lwakho kukunyuka kweendleko zombane. Iinkampani ezininzi ziyachatshazelwa yi Izohlwayo ibekwe ngabaqhubi begridi, ngakumbi xa amandla ombane awela ngaphantsi kwe-0,85.
Ngokomzekelo, eSpeyin abathengi abakhulu ngamandla ekhontrakthi angaphezu kwe-15 kW, kufuneka banike ingqwalasela eyodwa kulo mba, njengoko bejongene neendleko ezongezelelweyo nge-kilovolti nganye ye-ampere reactive (kVAR) esetyenzisiweyo ukuba amandla asebenzayo aphezulu kakhulu.
Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi lwezi ntlawulo zenzeke ebusuku, xa iinkampani zikholisa ukuba nomsebenzi omncinci kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amandla asebenzayo asetyenziswa kancinci. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ipesenti yamandla asebenzayo anyuke kakhulu ngeli xesha.
Indlela yokunciphisa amandla asebenzayo
Ukunciphisa amandla asebenzayo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ofakelo lwakho kwaye uphephe iindleko ezingeyomfuneko. Awona manyathelo axhaphakileyo aquka:
- Ukufakwa kweebhanki ze-capacitor: Isisombululo esixhaphakileyo sokuhlawulela amandla asebenzayo e-inductive kukufakwa kwebhanki ye-capacitor, isixhobo esenza amandla asebenzayo e-capacitive ukulungelelanisa ukuhlukana kwesigaba esidalwe zizixhobo ezineekhoyili.
- Iijeneretha zeVAR: Ezi zixhobo zifaka i-reactive current kwi-network ukugcina utshintsho lwesigaba lulawulwa. Bangakwazi ukubuyisela zombini amandla asebenzayo kunye ne-capacitive reactive.
- Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo: Ukugcinwa kakuhle kwezixhobo zombane kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuveliswa kwamandla angafunekiyo asebenzayo. Ezinye izixhobo, ezinjengeemotor ezingalungiswanga kakuhle okanye iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ngefluorescent, zinokuvelisa amandla asebenzayo ngakumbi kunokuba kuyimfuneko.
Izixhobo ezenza amandla asebenzayo
Uninzi lwezixhobo ezivelisa amandla asebenzayo zezo zisebenzisa iikhoyili ze-electromagnetic okanye ii-capacitors. Phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo sifumana:
- Iimotor kunye neecompressor, ezifana nezo zikwifriji, iifriji kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa umoya.
- ukukhanya nge I-fluorescent okanye izibane ze-LED, ingakumbi aba badala.
- Iinguqu kunye nee-electromagnets ezisetyenziswa koomatshini bemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nezixhobo zemihla ngemihla ekhaya, ezifana neekhompyutha okanye izixhobo ezithile, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa amandla amancinci asebenzayo, nangona ngokubanzi iinkampani ezinkulu ezijongene neengxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo okuphezulu.
Njengoko itekhnoloji iguquka, sifumana ngakumbi nangakumbi izixhobo ezithi, endaweni yokuvelisa amandla asebenzayo, zincede ukuyibuyekeza. Umzekelo, ezinye iisistim zeHVAC zanamhlanje ziyilwe ngembuyekezo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ukuthintela i-lag.
Umlinganiselo wamandla asebenzayo
Akukho sixhobo somzimba esilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo amandla asebenzayo kufakelo lombane. Endaweni yoko, kusetyenziswa ifomyula yemathematika ethathela ingqalelo uxinzelelo, ukuqina kunye nenqanaba lomahluko phakathi kokubini okuguquguqukayo. I abahlalutyi womnatha wombane Zizixhobo ezivumela la maxabiso ukuba abhalwe kwaye amandla asebenzayo abalwe.
Ngaphaya koko, kwiindawo ezininzi, iinkampani zokusasaza zilinganisa la maxabiso ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo ukuze zibale izohlwayo ezihambelanayo kumatyala ombane, ngalo lonke ixesha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla asebenzayo kudlula imida ethile.
Iinzuzo zokunciphisa amandla asebenzayo
Ukunciphisa amandla asebenzayo kuneenzuzo ezininzi, zombini uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza. Phakathi kwabo:
- Ukonga kwityala lombane: Ngokunciphisa inani lamandla asebenzayo, izohlwayo ezinxulumene nomgangatho ophantsi wamandla ziyaphetshwa.
- Ubomi obude besixhobo: Amandla asebenzayo asezantsi athetha ukugcwala okuncinci kumaziko, okunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka.
- Ukwandisa umthamo wenethiwekhi: Ngokunciphisa amandla asebenzayo, amandla akhululwe kwigridi ukuze aphathe amandla asebenzayo ngakumbi, oku kuthetha ukuba imveliso inokunyuswa ngaphandle kokufuna ukwandisa iziseko zombane.
Ke ngoko, ukugcina ulawulo olululo kumandla asebenzayo akuncedi kuphela ukuphepha iindleko ezingeyomfuneko, kodwa kukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle ngokupheleleyo kwendawo yakho.